.20 Using base values of 20 kVA and 115 volts in zone 3, rework Example 3.4.
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- The per-unit equivalent circuit of two transformers Ta and Tb connected in parallel, with the same nominal voltage ratio and the same reactan of 0.1 per unit on the same base, is shown in Figure 3.43. Transformer Tb has a voltage-magnitude step-up toward the load of 1.05 times that of Ta (that is, the tap on the secondary winding of Tb is set to 1.05). The load is represented by 0.8+j0.6 per unit at a voltage V2=1.0/0 per unit. Determine the complex power in per unit transmitted to the load through each transformer, comment on how the transformers share the real and reactive powers.Consider a single-phase electric system shown in Figure 3.33. Transformers are rated as follows: XY15MVA,13.8/138kV, leakage reactance 10 YZ15MVA,138/69kV, leakage reactance 8 With the base in circuit Y chosen as 15MVA,138kV determine the per-unit impedance of the 500 resistive load in circuit Z, referred to circuits Z, Y, and X. Neglecting magnetizing currents, transformer resistances, and line impedances, draw the impedance diagram in per unit.Consider the oneline diagram shown in Figure 3.40. The three-phase transformer bank is made up of three identical single-phase transformers, each specified by X1=0.24 (on the low-voltage side), negligible resistance and magnetizing current, and turns ratio =N2/N1=10. The transformer bank is delivering 100 MW at 0.8 p.f. lagging to a substation bus whose voltage is 230 kV. (a) Determine the primary current magnitude, primary voltage (line-to-line) magnitude, and the three-phase complex power supplied by the generator. Choose the line-to-neutral voltage at the bus, Va as the reference Account for the phase shift, and assume positive-sequence operation. (b) Find the phase shift between the primary and secondary voltages.
- Three single-phase two-winding transformers, each rated 25MVA,54.2/5.42kV, are connected to form a three-phase Y- bank with a balanced Y-connected resistive load of 0.6 per phase on the low-voltage side. By choosing a base of 75 MVA (three phase) and 94 kV (line-to-line) for the high-voltage side of the transformer bank, specify the base quantities for the low-voltage side. Determine the per-unit resistance of the load on the base for the low-voltage side. Then determine the load resistance RL in ohms referred to the high-voltage side and the per-unit value of this load resistance on the chosen base.In developing per-unit circuits of systems such as the one shown in Figure 3.10. when moving across a transformer, the voltage base is changed in proportion to the transformer voltage ratings. (a) True (b) FalseThree zones of a single-phase circuit are identified in Figure. The zones are connected bytransformers T1 and T2, whose ratings are also shown.Using base values of 30 kVA and 240 volts in zone 1:a. draw the per-unit circuit and determine the per-unit impedances and the per-unitsource voltage.b. calculate the load current both in per-unit and in amperes. Transformer windingresistances and shunt admittance branches are neglected.
- Describe the concept of smart grids and their potential benefits in terms of efficiency and reliability.Derive an expression of per unit impedance of a given base MVA and base KV in term of new base MVA and new base KVAA bank of three single-phase transformers, each rated 30MVA,38.1/3.81kV, are connected in Y- with a balanced load of three 1, Y-connected resistors. Choosing a base of 90MVA,66kV for the high-voltage side of the three-phase transformer. spify the base for the low-voltage side. Compute the per-unit resistance of the load on the base for the low-voltage side. Also, determine the load resistance in ohms referred to the high-voltage side and the per-unit value on the chosen base.
- Considering two parallel three-phase circuits that are close together, when calculating the equivalent series-impedance and shunt-admittance matrices, mutual inductive and capacitive couplings between the two circuits can be neglected. True FalseWith the same transformer banks as in Problem 3.47, Figure 3.41 shows the oneline diagram of a generator, a step-up transformer bank, a transmission line, a stepown transformer bank, and an impedan load. The generator terminal voltage is 15 kV (line-to-line). (a) Draw the per-phase equivalent circuit, aounting for phase shifts for positive-sequence operation. (b) By choosing the line-to-neutral generator terminal voltage as the reference, determine the magnitudes of the generator current, transmiss ion-line current, load current, and line-to-line load voltage. Also, find the three-phase complex power delivered to the load.To convert a per-unit impedance from old to new base values, the equation to be used is Zp.u.new=Zp.u.old(VbaseoldVbasenew)2(SbasenewSbaseold)Zp.u.new=Zp.u.old(VbaseoldVbasenew)2(SbasenewSbaseold)Zp.u.new=Zp.u.old(VbaseoldVbasenew)2(SbasenewSbaseold)