1 0.87 Office 0.95 Office 1.1 Office 1.1 School 1.13 Office 0.95 Hospital 0.87 Office 1.05 Hospital 1.13 Garage 1 Office 1.16 School 1.16 School 0.95 Hospital 1 Hospital 1.13 Hospital 2000 18 1 1 4 2014 1.2 4 2000 8. 1 9 2000 11 1 8 2002 0.5 6 1999 14 1 8 2007 3 1 6 1998 4 1 2 1998 21 1 2001 4 4 1 1 2000 2002 1 4 1.1 4 7 4 1.45 2015 1 3 2000 7 4 1.15 2 1999 3 3 1.1 423 24
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Q: Exercise S
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A: The degrees of freedom is obtained as follows:
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- [Econometrics] The World Bank hires you to analyze the effect of the introduction of new irrigation systems in a series of Sub-Saharan African countries. They are particularly interested on their effect in the crop production of each country. They give you data for each country on the kilometers of irrigation tubes constructed, the total crop harvest, as well as information on the average educational attainment for each year between 2000 and 2017. Which type of analysis would you perform based on this information?Empirical Exercise 8.2 On the text website http://www.pearsonhighered.com/stock_watson/, you will find a data file CPS2015, which contains data for full-time, full-year workers, age 25-34, with a high school diploma or B.A./B.S. as their highest degree. A detailed description is given in CPS2015_Description, also available on website. (These are the same data as in CPS96_15, used in Empirical Exercise 3.1, but are limited to the year 2015). In this exercise, you will investigate the relationship between a worker’s age and earnings. (Generally older workers have more job experience, leading to higher productivity and higher earnings). a) Run a regression of average hourly earnings (AHE) on age (Age), sex (Female), and education (Bachelor). If Age increases from 25 to 26, how are earnings expected to change? If Age increases from 33 to 34, how are earnings expected to change? (Note: Run the regression using STATA and with robust). b) Run a regression of the logarithm of average hourly…Rock Sparrows. Rock Sparrows breeding in northern Italy are the subject of a long-term ecology and conservation study due to their wide variety of breeding patterns. Both males and females have a yellow patch on their breasts that is thought to play a significant role in their sexual behavior. A. Pilastro et al. conducted an experiment in which they increased or reduced the size of a female’s breast patch by dying feathers at the edge of a patch and then observed several characteristics of the behavior of the male. Their results were published in the paper “Male Rock Sparrows Adjust Their Breeding Strategy According to Female Ornamentation: Parental or Mating Investment?” (Animal Behaviour,Vol. 66, Issue 2, pp. 265–271). Eight mating pairs were observed in each of three groups: a reduced-patch-size group, a control group, and an enlarged-patch-size group. The data on the WeissStats site, based on the results reported by the researchers, give the number of minutes per hour that males…
- Buteyko method, scope of inference: Exercise 1.4 introduces a study on using the Buteyko shallow breathing technique to reduce asthma symptoms and improve quality of life. As part of this study 600 asthma patients aged 18-69 who relied on medication for asthma treatment were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups: one practiced the Buteyko method and the other did not. Those in the Buteyko group experienced, on average, a significant reduction in asthma symptoms and an improvement in quality of life. a) Identify the population of interest in the study. b) Identify the sample in this study. c) Can the results of the study can be generalized to the population? d) Can the findings of the study be used to establish causal relationships?Performance IQ scores vs. brain size A study examinedbrain size (measured as pixels counted in a digitizedmagnetic resonance image [MRI] of a cross section ofthe brain) and IQ (4 Performance scales of the WeschlerIQ test) for college students. The scatterplot shows thePerformance IQ scores vs. the brain size. Comment onthe association between brain size and IQ.Obtaining significant interactions guarantees that ALL of the main effects will statistically significant as well. Group of answer choices True False
- Interpreting Power For the sample data in Example 1 “Adult Sleep” from this section, Minitab and StatCrunch show that the hypothesis test has power of 0.4943 of supporting the claim that μ < 7 hours of sleep when the actual population mean is 6.0 hours of sleep. Interpret this value of the power, then identify the value of β and interpret that value. (For the t test in this section, a “noncentrality parameter” makes calculations of power much more complicated than the process described in Section 8-1, so software is recommended for power calculations.)ORGANIZING AND VISUALIZING DATADiet Thirteen overweight women volunteered for a study todetermine whether eating specially prepared crackers beforea meal could help them lose weight. The subjects wererandomly assigned to eat crackers with different types offiber (bran fiber, gum fiber, both, and a control cracker). Unfortunately, some of the women developed uncomfort-able bloating and upset stomachs. Researchers suspectedthat some of the crackers might be at fault. The contingencytable of “Cracker” versus “Bloat” shows the relationshipbetween the four different types of crackers and the reportedbloating. The study was paid for by the manufacturers of thegum fiber. What would you recommend to them about theprospects for marketing their new diet cracker? BloatLittle/None Moderate/Severe CrackerBran 11 2Gum 4 9Combo 7 6Control 8 4
- Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body and has several important functions. Most body calcium is stored in the bones and teeth, where it functions to support their structure. Recommendations for calcium are provided in Dietary Reference Intakes, developed by the Institution of Medicine of rhe National Academy of Sciences. The recommended adequate intake (RAI) of calcium for adults (ages 19-50 years) is 1000 milligrams (mg) per day. Suppose that we want to perform a hypothesis test to decide whether the average adult with an income below the poverty level gets less than the RAI of 1000mg. a. Determine the null hypothesis for the hypothesis test. b. Determine the alternative hypothesis for the hypothesis test. c. Classify the hypothesis test as two tailed,left tailed or right tailed.Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease that primarily affects women over the age of 60. A research analyst wants to forecast sales of StrongBones, a prescription drug for treating this debilitating disease. She uses the model Sales = β0 + β1Population + β2Income + ε, where Sales refers to the sales of StrongBones (in $1,000,000s), Population is the number of women over the age of 60 (in millions), and Income is the average income of women over the age of 60 (in $1,000s). She collects data on 38 cities across the United States and obtains the following regression results: Coefficients StandardError t Stat p-Value Intercept 10.35 4.02 2.57 0.0199 Population 8.47 2.71 3.12 0.0062 Income 7.62 6.63 1.15 0.2661 a. What is the sample regression equation? (Enter your answers in millions rounded to 2 decimal places.) b-1. Interpret the coefficient of population. multiple choice 1 As the number of women over the age of 60 increases by 1 million, sales of StrongBones…Lobbying Congress. In the special report, “Bitter Pill: Why Medical Bills Are Killing Us” (TIME, Vol. 181, No. 8, 2013), S. Brill presented an in-depth investigation of hospital billing practices that reveals why U.S. health care spending is out of control. One of the many statistics provided in the report is that, during the period from 1998 through 2012, the pharmaceutical and health-care-products industries and organizations representing doctors, hospitals, nursing homes, health services, and HMOs spent $5.36 billion lobbying Congress. a. Under what conditions would the $5.36 billion lobbyingexpenditure figure be a descriptive statistic? Explain your answer. b. Under what conditions would the $5.36 billion lobbyingexpenditure figure be an inferential statistic? Explain your answer.