1. Based on the patterns you saw in the previous sections, which of those substances do you think will conduct electricity when dissolved in water? Select all that apply: Lithium Bromide Dimethyl Sulfoxide Octadecanol Potassium Chloride
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
In Parts 1 and 2, you noticed some patterns about what kind of substances conduct electricity when dissolved in water, and also how melting points are related.
Let's test this pattern by applying it to other substances. Consider the following substances:
- Potassium Chloride: KClKClKCl
- Octadecanol: C18H38OC_{18}H_{38}OC18H38O
- Dimethyl Sulfoxide: C2H6OSC_2H_6OSC2H6OS
- Lithium Bromide: LiBrLiBrLiBr
Explain the reasoning that supports your answer.?
Use the patterns you saw in the previous sections to predict whether the melting points for each substance will be high (above 400°C) or low (below 200°C).?
We know that the substance that dissolve in water to produce ions, are known as electrolytes. Electrolytes can conduct electricity.
Electrolytes are ionic substances. Ionic substances dissociates into cations and anions, which conduct electricity.
Again, due to the presence of high electrostatic force of attraction between the cation and the anion in ionic substances, high energy is needed to break the bond. So, ionic substances have high melting point.
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