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1. People with acrophobia (fear of heights) sometimes enroll in therapy sessions to help them overcome this fear. Typically, seven or eight therapy sessions are needed before improvement is noticed. A study was conducted to determine whether the drug D-cycloserine, used in combination with fewer therapy sessions, would help people with acrophobia overcome this fear. Each of 28 people who participated in the double-blind study received a pill before each of two therapy sessions. 14 of the 28 people were randomly assigned to receive a D-cycloserine pill, and the remaining 14 people received a placebo. After the two therapy sessions, none of the 28 people received additional pills or therapy. Three months after the administration of the pills and the two therapy sessions, each of the 28 people was evaluated to see if he or she had improved. a) Was this study an experiment or an observational study? Provide an explanation to support your answer. b) In this study, there was a group of individuals who received just a placebo which can be considered a control group. What would be the advantage of having this control group in the study? c) Suppose we knew that D-cycloserine had different effects between men and women. If we had 16 women

1. People with acrophobia (fear of heights) sometimes enroll in therapy sessions to help them overcome this fear. Typically, seven or eight therapy sessions are needed before improvement is noticed. A study was conducted to determine whether the drug D-cycloserine, used in combination with fewer therapy sessions, would help people with acrophobia overcome this fear. Each of 28 people who participated in the double-blind study received a pill before each of two therapy sessions. 14 of the 28 people were randomly assigned to receive a D-cycloserine pill, and the remaining 14 people received a placebo. After the two therapy sessions, none of the 28 people received additional pills or therapy. Three months after the administration of the pills and the two therapy sessions, each of the 28 people was evaluated to see if he or she had improved. a) Was this study an experiment or an observational study? Provide an explanation to support your answer. b) In this study, there was a group of individuals who received just a placebo which can be considered a control group. What would be the advantage of having this control group in the study? c) Suppose we knew that D-cycloserine had different effects between men and women. If we had 16 women

Linear Algebra: A Modern Introduction
Linear Algebra: A Modern Introduction
4th Edition
ISBN:9781285463247
Author:David Poole
Publisher:David Poole
Chapter2: Systems Of Linear Equations
Section2.4: Applications
Problem 28EQ
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1. People with acrophobia (fear of heights) sometimes enroll in therapy sessions to help them overcome this fear. Typically, seven or eight therapy sessions are needed before improvement is noticed. A study was conducted to determine whether the drug D-cycloserine, used in combination with fewer therapy sessions, would help people with acrophobia overcome this fear. Each of 28 people who participated in the double-blind study received a pill before each of two therapy sessions. 14 of the 28 people were randomly assigned to receive a D-cycloserine pill, and the remaining 14 people received a placebo. After the two therapy sessions, none of the 28 people received additional pills or therapy. Three months after the administration of the pills and the two therapy sessions, each of the 28 people was evaluated to see if he or she had improved. a) Was this study an experiment or an observational study? Provide an explanation to support your answer. b) In this study, there was a group of individuals who received just a placebo which can be considered a control group. What would be the advantage of having this control group in the study? c) Suppose we knew that D-cycloserine had different effects between men and women. If we had 16 women and 12 men who participated in the study, how would you modify how you assign individuals to the treatment groups? d) When the data were analyzed, the D-cycloserine group showed statistically significantly more improvement than the placebo group did. Based on this result, would the researchers be justified in concluding that the D- cycloserine pill and two therapy sessions are as beneficial as eight therapy sessions without the pill? Justify your answer.
Transcribed Image Text:1. People with acrophobia (fear of heights) sometimes enroll in therapy sessions to help them overcome this fear. Typically, seven or eight therapy sessions are needed before improvement is noticed. A study was conducted to determine whether the drug D-cycloserine, used in combination with fewer therapy sessions, would help people with acrophobia overcome this fear. Each of 28 people who participated in the double-blind study received a pill before each of two therapy sessions. 14 of the 28 people were randomly assigned to receive a D-cycloserine pill, and the remaining 14 people received a placebo. After the two therapy sessions, none of the 28 people received additional pills or therapy. Three months after the administration of the pills and the two therapy sessions, each of the 28 people was evaluated to see if he or she had improved. a) Was this study an experiment or an observational study? Provide an explanation to support your answer. b) In this study, there was a group of individuals who received just a placebo which can be considered a control group. What would be the advantage of having this control group in the study? c) Suppose we knew that D-cycloserine had different effects between men and women. If we had 16 women and 12 men who participated in the study, how would you modify how you assign individuals to the treatment groups? d) When the data were analyzed, the D-cycloserine group showed statistically significantly more improvement than the placebo group did. Based on this result, would the researchers be justified in concluding that the D- cycloserine pill and two therapy sessions are as beneficial as eight therapy sessions without the pill? Justify your answer.
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