1.The diagram below shows the chemical structure of two sugar molecules.СНОb.CHZOHа.HOC=0НО—НH-H-Но-НО —НCH2ОНCH;OHHow many chiral carbons are in sugars a and b?b. Are they D- or L- sugars? Explain your answer.What is the name of this kind of representation of the sugars in the diagram?а.с.d. If these two sugars form a cyclic structure using the hydroxyl group on the last carbon,will they form furanose or pyranose? Also, on each sugar on the Answer Sheet, circlethe carbon which will become the anomeric carbon in the cyclic structure.

As you have asked multiple sub part questions ,we are are supposed to solve only first three sub…

1. The diagram below shows the chemical structure of two sugar molecules. СНО b. CHZOH а. НО- H. C=0 Но H. H HO-H НО —Н CH2OH CH;OH a. How many chiral carbons are in sugars a and b? b. Are they D- or L- sugars? Explain your answer. c. What is the name of this kind of representation of the sugars in the diagram?

1. The diagram below shows the chemical structure of two sugar molecules. СНО b. CHZOH а. НО- H. C=0 Но H. H HO-H НО —Н CH2OH CH;OH a. How many chiral carbons are in sugars a and b? b. Are they D- or L- sugars? Explain your answer. c. What is the name of this kind of representation of the sugars in the diagram?

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter3: The Chemistry Of Life: Organic Compounds

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5TYU: A monosaccharide designated as an aldehyde sugar contains (a) a terminal carboxyl group (b) an...

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All sugar-sugar glycosidic bonds are of which of the following types? a. Both O- and N-type linkages or bonds b. None of the options listed c. N-type linkages or bonds d. O-type linkages or bonds
Although the first two carbons of fructose and glucose are identical in structure to DHAP and GADP (from glycolysis), DHAP and GADP equilibriate on their in solution to favor the ketone over the aldehyde, while fructose and glucose do not. Why? a)The larger size of the molecule sterically hinders the isomerization b)The larger sugars have more OH groups which hydrogen bond and disrupt isomerization c)The larger sugars cyclize, and there is no carbonyl to isomerize in the cyclic form d)The larger sugars cyclize, and in the cyclic form the hydrogen bonding is very strong e)The larger sugars are less soluble in water than the smaller sugars
3. One of the triacylglycerols found in corn oil contains palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. During the production of spreadable margarine, all of the double bonds in this triacylglycerol are converted from cis to trans isomers. Linoleic acid: CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOHLinolenic acid: CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH Palmitic acid: CH3(CH2)14COOH a. Identify the unsaturated fatty acid(s) listed above and provide the associated omega designation. b. Draw an accurate representation of the structure of the triacylglycerol present in spreadable margarine. Circle all ester bonds in the structure you have drawn.
In 1976, a team of chemists in the United Kingdom was developing new insecticides by modifying sugars with chlorine (Cl2), phosgene (Cl2CO), and other toxic gases. One young member of the team misunderstood his verbal instructions to test a new molecule. He thought he had been told to taste it. Luckily for him, the molecule was not toxic, but it was very sweet. It became the food additive sucralose. Sucralose has three chlorine atoms substituted for three hydroxyl groups of sucrose (table sugar): The altered sugar binds so strongly to the sweet-taste receptors on the tongue that the human brain perceives it as 600 times sweeter than sucrose. Sucralose was originally marketed as an artificial sweetener called Splenda, but it is now available under several other brand names. Researchers investigated whether the body recognizes sucralose as a carbohydrate by feeding sucralose labeled with 14C to volunteers. Analysis of the radioactive molecules in the volunteers urine and feces showed that 92.8 percent of the sucralose passed through the body without being altered. Some people are worried that the chlorine atoms impart toxicity to sucralose. How would you respond to that concern?
In 1976, a team of chemists in the United Kingdom was developing new insecticides by modifying sugars with chlorine (Cl2), phosgene (Cl2CO), and other toxic gases. One young member of the team misunderstood his verbal instructions to test a new molecule. He thought he had been told to taste it. Luckily for him, the molecule was not toxic, but it was very sweet. It became the food additive sucralose. Sucralose has three chlorine atoms substituted for three hydroxyl groups of sucrose (table sugar): The altered sugar binds so strongly to the sweet-taste receptors on the tongue that the human brain perceives it as 600 times sweeter than sucrose. Sucralose was originally marketed as an artificial sweetener called Splenda, but it is now available under several other brand names. Researchers investigated whether the body recognizes sucralose as a carbohydrate by feeding sucralose labeled with 14C to volunteers. Analysis of the radioactive molecules in the volunteers urine and feces showed that 92.8 percent of the sucralose passed through the body without being altered. Some people are worried that the chlorine atoms impart toxicity to sucralose. How would you respond to that concern?
Figure 3.5 What kind of sugars are these, aldose or ketose?
A monosaccharide designated as an aldehyde sugar contains (a) a terminal carboxyl group (b) an internal carboxyl group (c) a terminal carbonyl group (d) an internal carbonyl group (e) a terminal carboxyl group and an internal carbonyl group
Which of the following characteristics is not common to carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins? a. They are composed of a carbon backbone with functionalgroups attached. b. Monomers of these molecules undergo dehydration synthesisto form polymers. c. Their polymers are broken apart by hydrolysis. d. The backbones of the polymers are primarily polar molecules. e. The molecules are held together by covalent bonding.
Glucose is a reducing sugar while sucrose is a non-reducing sugar. What could possibly be the chemical structure present in a sugar that renders it reducing or non-reducing?
The blackbone of nucleic acids consists of :A-a phosphodiester bond between the 2'and 5' hydroxyl groups of neighbroing sugers B-a phosphodiester bond between the 3' and 5' hydroxyl groups of neighboring sugers C- a glycosidic bond between a purine and a sugar D- a glycosidic bond between a pyrimidine and a sugar
1. What type of monomer/macromolecule is glucose (please be more specific than just carbohydrate since both starch and glucose are carbohydrates)? 2. What type of monomer/macromolecule is starch (please be more specific than just carbohydrate since both starch and glucose are carbohydrates)?
Which of the following describes lactose? A. A nonreducing disaccharide containing glucose and fructose linked by a (α1-->4) bond. B. A reducing disaccharide containing two glucose molecules linked by a (α1-->4) bond. C. A reducing disaccharide containing two glucose molecules linked by a (β1-->4) bond. D. A reducing disaccharide containing galactose and glucose linked by a (β1-->4) bond. E. A nonreducing disaccharide containing galactose and glucose linked by a (α1-->4) bond.