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![1. The following data were obtained by GC:
Compound
tr [min]
Air (dead time marker)
1.9
Нехane
8.7
Methylcyclohexane
Methylcyclohexene
Нeptane
Toluene
10.0
10.9
11.3
13.4
Octane
15.6
Determine the Kovats retention index for all six analytes.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd10d2372-7b33-4d16-964a-a82753c0ad17%2Fa9d1da25-ea7a-4639-8546-72c7ed5c9cbe%2Fa8937x_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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- A 5.00-mL sample of blood was treated with trichloroacetic acid to precipitate proteins. After centrifugation, the resulting solution was brought to pH 3 and extracted with two 5-mL portions of methyl isobutyl ketone containing the lead-complexing agent APCD. The extract was aspirated directly into an air/acetylene flame and yielded an absorbance of 0.527 at 283.3 nm. Five-milliliter aliquots of standard solutions containing 0.400 and 0.600 ppm of lead were treated in the same way and yielded absorbances of 0.396 and 0.599. Find the concentration of lead in the sample in ppm assuming that Beer’s law is followed.Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography was conducted at pH 10 with anionic micelles and the anode on the sample side. (i) Is aminobenzene (C6H5NH2) a cation, an anion, or a neutral molecule in this experiment? (ii) Explain how to decide which compound, aminobenzene or anthracene, is more soluble in the micelles.A 5.00-mL sample of blood was treated with trichloroacetic acid to precipitate proteins. After centrifugation, the resulting solution was brought to pH 3 and extracted with two 5-mL portions of methyl isobutyl ketone containing the lead-complexing agent APCD. The extract was aspirated directly into an air/acetylene flame and yielded an absorbance of 0.569 at 283.3 nm. Five-milliliter aliquots of standard solutions containing 0.400 and 0.600 ppm of lead were treated in the same way and yielded absorbances of 0.396 and 0.599. Please calculate the concentration of lead in the sample in ppm.
- A 0.0200 gram blood sample was decomposed by a microwave digestion technique followed by dilution to 100.0 mL in a volumetric flask. Aliquots of the sample solution were treated with a lead complexing reagent and water as follows: Solution 1: 10.0 ml blood sample + 20.0 mL complexing agent + 30.0 mL H20. Solution 2: 10.0 ml blood sample + 20.0 mL complexing agent + 26.0 mL H20 + 4.00 mL of 78 ppb Pb2+ standard. The resulting solutions were analyzed by UV/Vis at 375 nm. Absorbance for solution 1 = 0.155 and for solution 2 = 0.216. Calculate the concentration of lead (ppb) in the original sample.The following is an HPLC separation of deuterated benzenes on a C18 column that 440 cm long. The mobile phase was 30% acetonitrile:70% water at 30oC. What is the mobile phase velocity? Find the retention factor k' for C6D6. Find the plate number and plate height for C6D6.. Assuming that the peak widths for C6H5D and C6H6 are the same as that of C6D6., find the resolution for C6H5D and C6H6. Retention times for C6H5D and C6H6 are 193.3 and 194.3 respectively, Find the relative retention time and unadjusted relative retention time between C6H5D and C6H6.in HPLC, what does it mean to equilibrate the system. Let us assume that the system is currently running 100%B. You have told them to run the first standard of caffeine using Reverse Phase chromatography with a C18 column, 30% A (Water/0.1%TFA) and 70% B (MeOH/0.1%TFA).What should I equilibrate the system to and for how long?
- Describe briefly how liquid-liquid extraction can be used to separate (not necessarily 100% separation) an analyte, A, from a potential inference, B in a liquid sample. What must be the most important difference between A and B for the separation to succeed?Benzene and toluene, when analysed isothermally on a 25 m × 0.25 mm i.d. capillary GC column, were found to have retention times of 8.56 and 8.67 min, respectively. An unretained solvent passed through the column in 4.10 min in the same analysis. The peak widths at half height for benzene and toluene were 4.2 and 4.3 seconds, respectively. Calculate: a) The capacity factor for each of these compounds b) The selectivity factor for the separation c) The average number of plates for the column d) The resolution between benzene and toluene. Are they completely separated under these conditions? e) What is the plate height (H) for this column? What can you say about the efficiency of this column? Explain f) The dimensions of a column with the same phase ratio required to obtain a resolution of 1.5 under otherwise identical conditionsIn order to improve the peptide separation by using a HPLC system, trifluoroacetic acid acts as mobile-phase modifier was added during the preparation of mobile phase. The preparation was performed by a postgraduate student as following:“2.851 g trifluoroacetic acid (MW: 114.02 g/mol) was made up to 500 cm3 in a graduated flask. To this solution, 50 cm3 of ethanol was added, and after mixing the mobile phase was placed in the solvent reservoir and pumping was commenced at 1.5 cm3 min-1.”Based on the given preparation procedure, identify THREE mistakes that were made.
- Arrange in INCREASING Rf if the mixture underwent paper chromatography with the same solvent system. Explain how you get the answer I. 2-chloropentaneII. pentanoic acidIII. cyclopentaneIV. pentanal a. II = IV < III < I b.II < IV < I < III c.I < II < III < IV d.III < I < IV < IITwo species A and B are known to have water/hexane partition coefficient of 5.99 and 6.16.They are separated by elution on silica gel with hexane as eluent. The ratio for the packingVS/VM =0.425a. Calculate the retention factor for each soluteb. Calculate the selectivity factorc. How many plates are needed to provide a resolution of 1.5?d. What column length should be used to provide a resolution of 1.5 if the plate height ofthe packing is 1.5 ×10-3cm?e. If the flow rate is 6.75 cm min-1, how long will it take to elute the two species? (the question wanted to be answered)1) The solvent mixture used in a Paper Chromatography of Metal Ions experiment is a mixture of what two chemicals. 2) Expalin the following terms: Retaintion factor, stationary phase, chromatogrhic mobility elution, detection limit, and resolution. 3) Which of the chemicales used in Paper Chromatography of Metal Ions experiment have hazards associated with them? What are the hazards? Expalin why the ammonia chamber and aueous calcuim sulfide must be kept in faume hood at all times?
