1. The following lipids are important structural components of the cell membrane of fish. Draw the structure of the lipids based on the given components: a) Phosphoric acid, glycerol, serine (amino acid), stearic and linoieic acids. b) Phosphoric acid, glycerol, choline, palmitic and oleic acid.
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1. The following lipids are important structural components of the cell membrane of fish. Draw the structure of the lipids based on the given components:
a) Phosphoric acid, glycerol, serine (amino acid), stearic and linoieic acids.
b) Phosphoric acid, glycerol, choline, palmitic and oleic acid.
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- 2. What are the main types of molecules classified as lipids?1. Draw the structure of a cholesterol ester where cholesterol is esterified with palmitic acid. is this polar or nonpolar acid 2. Draw the strucutre of lecithin containing stearic acid on carbon 1 and arachidonic acid on carbon 2 of glycerol. is this polar or nonpolar acid 3.Disccuss the medical sginificance of cholesterol , cholesterol ester,l ecithin and choline . 4. Give examples of phosphoglycerides and sphingolipids of biological importance .1. Explain why lipids are insoluble in polar solvents. 2. How do oils and fats differ?
- 1. What are the two main functions of lipids in humans? 2. Why are lipids “waterproof”? 3. Give an example that illustrates lipids being waterproof?1. a. Explain why the melting point of palmitic acid (16 carbons, no double bonds) is slightly lower thanthat of stearic acid (18 carbons, no double bonds). Explain why the melting point of oleic acid (18carbons, one double bond) is lower than that of stearic acid b. A mixture of lipids containing phosphatidic acid, cholesterol, testosterone, phosphatidylserine, andphosphatidylethanolamine was applied to a hydrophobic interaction chromatography column. Thecolumn was washed with a high salt buffer, and the lipids were then eluted with decreasing saltconcentrations. In what order would the lipids be eluted from the column? Explain your answer.1. How would you demonstrate whether a GAG chain assembles from the reducing end versus the nonreducing end? 2. What factors can affect the fine structure of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in cells?
- 1. What type of lipid does a bile salt belong to? 2. What is the main function of bile salts? 3. Draw the structure of bile salts.Which of the following statements are False? (i) Parallel b-sheets characteristically distribute hydrophobic side chains on both sides of the sheet, and antiparallel B-sheets are usually arranged with all their hydrophobic residues on one side of the sheet. (ii) Planarity of the peptide bond means that no rotation occurs about the N-Ca bond while rotation is allowed about the C(O)-N and Ca-C(O) bonds. (iii) Silk fibers consist of fibroin proteins consisting of alternating A and G or S residues. (iv) If an aspartic acid residue were present in the interior of a globular protein, it would most likely be deprotonated and thus negatively charged.1. What is the distinguishing structural feature of O-glycans? 2. What other prominent class of glycoproteins besides mucins is known for the presence of O-linked glycans?
- 1. Discuss how two polysaccharides, starch and cellulose, each having the same subunit (glucose), have completely different properties. Why can we digest starch but not cellulose 2. Why are water molecules at the surface of a drop of water closer together than those in the interior?1. What makes monosaccharides and disaccharides completely soluble in water? Why are polysaccharides not as soluble?1. Why are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) important? 2. What are the health effects of lipids?