12) The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose occurs by the following overall reaction, whose kinetic data are given below: C2HO1(s) + H,0() - CH120(aq) + CH0,(aq) sucrose glucose Time (h) fructose (Sucrose] (mol/L) 0.501 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 3.00 0.451 0.404 0,363 0.267 a) Determine the rate constant and the half-life of the reaction. b) How long does it take to hydrolyze 75% of the sucrose? c) Other studies have shown that this reaction is actually second order overall but appears to follow first-order kinetics. (Such a reaction is called a pseudo-first-order reaction.) Suggest a reason for this apparent first-order behavior.

12) The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose occurs by the following overall reaction, whose kinetic data are given below: C2HO1(s) + H,0() - CH120(aq) + CH0,(aq) sucrose glucose Time (h) fructose (Sucrose] (mol/L) 0.501 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 3.00 0.451 0.404 0,363 0.267 a) Determine the rate constant and the half-life of the reaction. b) How long does it take to hydrolyze 75% of the sucrose? c) Other studies have shown that this reaction is actually second order overall but appears to follow first-order kinetics. (Such a reaction is called a pseudo-first-order reaction.) Suggest a reason for this apparent first-order behavior.

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079373

Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley

Publisher:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley

Chapter11: Rate Of Reaction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 63QAP: The uncoiling of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a first-order reaction. Its activation energy is 420...

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The uncoiling of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a first-order reaction. Its activation energy is 420 kJ. At 37C, the rate constant is 4.90104min1 (a) What is the half-life of the uncoiling at 37C (normal body temperature)? (b) What is the half-life of the uncoiling if the organism has a temperature of 40C(104F)? (c) By what factor does the rate of uncoiling increase (per C) over this temperature interval?
What is the difference between average rate, initial rate, and instantaneous rate?
11.48 The following data were collected for the decomposition of NT),-: Time, f (min) [N2Os] (mol L-1) 0 0.200 5 0.171 10 0.146 15 0.125 20 0.106 25 0.0909 30 0.0777 35 0.0664 40 0.0570 Use appropriate graphs to determine the rate constant for this reaction. Find the half-life of the reaction.
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The reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase. When malonate ions or oxalate ions are added to the reaction mixture, the rate decreases significantly. Try to account for this observation in terms of the description of enzyme catalysis given in the text. The structures of malonate and oxalate ions are
The acid-catalyzed iodination of acetone CH3COCH3(aq) + I2(aq) CH3COCH2I(aq) + HI(aq) is a common laboratory experiment used in general chemistry courses to teach the method of initial rates. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by the disappearance of the color of iodine in the solution. The following data (J. P. Birk and D. L Walters, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 69, p. 585, 1992) were collected at 23 C for this reaction. Determine the rate law for this reaction.
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. explain the difference between elementary reactions and multistep reactions.
Phenyl acetate, an ester, reacts with water according to the equation The data in the table were collected for this reaction at 5 C. (a) Plot the phenyl acetate concentration versus time, and describe the shape of the curve observed. (b) Calculate the rate of change of the phenyl acetate concentration during the period 15.0 seconds to 30.0 seconds and also during the period 75.0 seconds to 90.0 seconds. Why is one value smaller than the other?
The hydrolysis of the sugar sucrose to the sugars glucose and fructose, C12H22O11+H2OC6H12O6+C6H12O6 follows a first-order rate equation for the disappearance of sucrose: Rate =k[C12H22O11] (The products of the reaction, glucose and fructose, have the same molecular formulas but differ in the arrangement of the atoms in their molecules.) (a) In neutral solution, k=2.11011s1 at 27 C and 8.51011s1 at 37 C. Determine the activation energy, the frequency factor, and the rate constant for this equation at 47 C (assuming the kinetics remain consistent with the Arrhenius equation at this temperature). (b) When a solution of sucrose with an initial concentration of 0.150 M reaches equilibrium, the concentration of sucrose is 1.65107M . How long will it take the solution to reach equilibrium at 27 C in the absence of a catalyst? Because the concentration of sucrose at equilibrium is so low, assume that the reaction is irreversible. (c) Why does assuming that the reaction is irreversible simplify the calculation in pan (b)?
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