2.40. WP A hygrometer, which measures the amount of moisture in a gas stream, is to be calibrated using the apparatus shown here: Air DRYER ROTAMETERS HYGROMETER Water EVAPORATOR Steam Steam and dry air are fed at known flow rates and mixed to form a gas stream with a known water content, and the hygrometer reading is recorded; the flow rate of either the water or the air is changed to produce a stream with a different water content and the new reading is recorded, and so on. The following data are taken: Mass Fraction of Water, y HygrometerReading, R 0.011 0.044 20 0.083 40 0.126 60 0.170 80 a. Draw a calibration curve and determine an equation for y(R). b. Suppose a sample of a stack gas is inserted in the sample chamber of the hygrometer and a reading of R = 43 is obtained. If the mass flow rate of the stack gas is 1200 kg/h, what is the mass flow rate of water vapor in the gas? Answer BIOENGINEERING 110111111 111111011 2.42. WP The temperature in a process unit is controlled by passing cooling water at a measured rate through a jacket that encloses the unit. Cooling water PROCESS UNIT ROTAMETER p(liters/s) T(°C) Jacket The exact relationship between the unit temperature T(°C) and the water flow rate o (L/s) is extremely complex, and it is desired to derive a simple empirical formula to approximate this relationship over a limited range of flow rates and temperatures. Data are taken for T versus ø. Plots of T versus ø on rectangular and semilog coordinates are distinctly curved (ruling out T = aø + b and T = aebó as possible empirical functions), but a log plot appears as follows: 300 T(°C) 200 100 10 100 p(L/s) A line drawn through the data goes through the points (ø1 = 25 L/s, T = 210°C) and (ø2 = 40 L/s, T, = 120°C). a. What is the empirical relationship between o and T? Answer b. Using your derived equation, estimate the cooling water flow rates needed to maintain the process unit temperature at 85°C, 175°C, and 290°C. c. In which of the three estimates in Part (b) would you have the most confidence and in which would you have the least confidence? Explain your reasoning.

2.40. WP A hygrometer, which measures the amount of moisture in a gas stream, is to be calibrated using the apparatus shown here: Air DRYER ROTAMETERS HYGROMETER Water EVAPORATOR Steam Steam and dry air are fed at known flow rates and mixed to form a gas stream with a known water content, and the hygrometer reading is recorded; the flow rate of either the water or the air is changed to produce a stream with a different water content and the new reading is recorded, and so on. The following data are taken: Mass Fraction of Water, y HygrometerReading, R 0.011 0.044 20 0.083 40 0.126 60 0.170 80 a. Draw a calibration curve and determine an equation for y(R). b. Suppose a sample of a stack gas is inserted in the sample chamber of the hygrometer and a reading of R = 43 is obtained. If the mass flow rate of the stack gas is 1200 kg/h, what is the mass flow rate of water vapor in the gas? Answer BIOENGINEERING 110111111 111111011 2.42. WP The temperature in a process unit is controlled by passing cooling water at a measured rate through a jacket that encloses the unit. Cooling water PROCESS UNIT ROTAMETER p(liters/s) T(°C) Jacket The exact relationship between the unit temperature T(°C) and the water flow rate o (L/s) is extremely complex, and it is desired to derive a simple empirical formula to approximate this relationship over a limited range of flow rates and temperatures. Data are taken for T versus ø. Plots of T versus ø on rectangular and semilog coordinates are distinctly curved (ruling out T = aø + b and T = aebó as possible empirical functions), but a log plot appears as follows: 300 T(°C) 200 100 10 100 p(L/s) A line drawn through the data goes through the points (ø1 = 25 L/s, T = 210°C) and (ø2 = 40 L/s, T, = 120°C). a. What is the empirical relationship between o and T? Answer b. Using your derived equation, estimate the cooling water flow rates needed to maintain the process unit temperature at 85°C, 175°C, and 290°C. c. In which of the three estimates in Part (b) would you have the most confidence and in which would you have the least confidence? Explain your reasoning.

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

8th Edition

ISBN:9781259696527

Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P

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The problems that are listed below need to be solved and you may access those problems via viewing them through the attached images in this request. To emphasize more, the problems are 2.40; 2.42.

2.40. WP A hygrometer, which measures the amount of moisture in a gas stream, is to be calibrated using the apparatus
shown here:
Air
DRYER
ROTAMETERS
HYGROMETER
Water
EVAPORATOR
Steam
Steam and dry air are fed at known flow rates and mixed to form a gas stream with a known water content, and the hygrometer
reading is recorded; the flow rate of either the water or the air is changed to produce a stream with a different water content and
the new reading is recorded, and so on. The following data are taken:
Mass Fraction of Water, y HygrometerReading, R
0.011
0.044
20
0.083
40
0.126
60
0.170
80
a. Draw a calibration curve and determine an equation for y(R).
b. Suppose a sample of a stack gas is inserted in the sample chamber of the hygrometer and a reading of R = 43 is obtained. If the
mass flow rate of the stack gas is 1200 kg/h, what is the mass flow rate of water vapor in the gas?
Answer
BIOENGINEERING
110111111
111111011

2.42. WP The temperature in a process unit is controlled by passing cooling water at a measured rate through a jacket that
encloses the unit.
Cooling water
PROCESS
UNIT
ROTAMETER
p(liters/s)
T(°C)
Jacket
The exact relationship between the unit temperature T(°C) and the water flow rate o (L/s) is extremely complex, and it is desired
to derive a simple empirical formula to approximate this relationship over a limited range of flow rates and temperatures. Data are
taken for T versus ø. Plots of T versus ø on rectangular and semilog coordinates are distinctly curved (ruling out T = aø + b and
T = aebó as possible empirical functions), but a log plot appears as follows:
300
T(°C) 200
100
10
100
p(L/s)
A line drawn through the data goes through the points (ø1 = 25 L/s, T = 210°C) and (ø2 = 40 L/s, T, = 120°C).
a. What is the empirical relationship between o and T?
Answer
b. Using your derived equation, estimate the cooling water flow rates needed to maintain the process unit temperature at 85°C,
175°C, and 290°C.
c. In which of the three estimates in Part (b) would you have the most confidence and in which would you have the least
confidence? Explain your reasoning.

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