22. Which of the following would cause the AD curve to shift to the right? O The government raises income taxes. Workers build expectations of higher inflation into their contracts. Firms become pessimistic about the O future growth of GDP, sales, and profits. O The Fed shifts to a more spending.
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- Explain why the short-run aggregate supply curve might be fairly flat in the Keynesian zone of the SRAS curve. How might we tell if we are In the Keynesian zone of the AS?Using AS and AD curves to illustrate, describe the effectsof the following events on the price level and on equilibriumGDP in the long run assuming that input prices fullyadjust to output prices after some lag:a. An increase occurs in the money supply above potentialGDPb. GDP is above potential GDP, and a decrease in governmentspending and in the money supply occursc. Starting with the economy at potential GDP, a war inthe Middle East pushes up energy prices temporarily.The Fed expands the money supply to accommodate theinflation.10.1For each of the following events,explain the short-run and long-run effects on output and price level,assuming policymakers take no action. a) The stock market declines sharply,reducing consumers' wealth. b) The federal government increases spending on national defence. 10.2 In which of the following circumstances is expansionary fiscal policy more likely to lead to a short-run increase in investment?Explain. a)When the investment accelarator is large or when it is small?
- Illustrate each of the following situations with a graphshowing AS and AD curves, and explain what happensto the equilibrium values of the price level and aggregateoutput:a. A decrease in G with the money supply held constant bythe Fedb. A decrease in the price of oil with no change ingovernment spendingc. An increase in Z with no change in governmentspendingd. An increase in the price of oil and a decrease in GSuppose a wave of negative “animal spirits” overrunsthe economy, and people become pessimistic aboutthe future. To stabilize aggregate demand, the Fedcould _________ its target for the federal funds rateor Congress could _________ taxes.a. increase; increaseb. increase; decreasec. decrease; increased. decrease; decreaseThe graph below depicts an economy where an increase in aggregate demand has caused inflation. Assume the government decides to conduct fiscal policy by decreasing government purchases to restore full-employment GDP. Instructions: Enter your answer as a whole number. If you are entering a negative number include a minus sign. a. How much does aggregate demand need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? $ -160 Numeric ResponseEdit Unavailable. -160 incorrect. billion b. If the MPC is 0.9, how much do government purchases need to change to shift aggregate demand by the amount you found in part a? $ billion Suppose instead that the MPC is 0.8. c. How much does aggregate demand and government purchases need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? Aggregate demand needs to change by $ billion and government purchases need to change by $ billion.
- During the current economic crisis caused by COVID 19, the Australian authorities have used both monetary and fiscal policy to try and minimise unemployment. (a) Use the dynamic AD-AS model to describe the impact of the crisis on the economy. Be sure to comment on its effect on both the demand and supply side in your answer. b) Using the same model, discuss and show in a diagram how the correct fiscal policy may offset the impact of the COVID effects on the economy. Be sure to mention any practical issues that may modify your answerAn economy is operating with output that is $400 billion below its natural level, and fiscal policymakers want to close this recessionary gap.The central bank agrees to adjust the money supply to hold the interest rate constant, so there is not crowding out. The marginal propensity to consume is4⁄5′ and the price level is completely fixed in the short-run .In what direction and by how much would government spending need to change to close the recessionary gap? Explain your thinking.Explain the effect, if any, that each of the following occurrencesshould have on the aggregate demand curve.a. The Fed lowers the discount rate.b. The price level decreases.c. The federal government increases federal income tax rates inan effort to reduce the federal deficit.d. Pessimistic firms decrease investment spending.e. The inflation rate falls by 3 percent.f. The federal government increases purchases to stimulatethe economy.
- An economy is described by the following equations: C= 2,600+ 0.8(Y-T) - 10,000r IP = 2,000-10,000r G = 1,800 NX = 0 PAE = C+1²+ GANX T = 3,000, Where the definitions of each variables are the same as our lecture notes. The real interest rate, r, expressed as a decimal, is 0.10 (that is, 10 percent). a. Find a numerical equation relating planned aggregate expenditure to output. b. Solve for short-run equilibrium output. c. Show your result graphically using the Keynesian-cross diagram. d. Now, suppose that potential output Y* equals 12,000. What real interest rate should the Fed set to bring the economy to full employment? e. Recalculate question (d) for the case in which potential output Y* equals 9,000.Construct an Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand model where AS and AD are in equilibrium at potential GDP at a price level of 110 and Real GDP of $13.0 trillion dollars. Be sure to label all parts of the graph. a. Graph the initial effects of a recession that causes AD to decrease and real GDP to fall $0.5 trillion. b. Explain what will happen in the long run if nothing is done. c. If the government wanted to intervene in the economy, explain the Fiscal Policy measures that can be used to bring real GDP back to potential.With the help of an IS-LM diagram, explain the effects of an expected future tax increase on current output, the current interest rate, current aggregate spending. (It’s be better to explain with diagram, thank you!)