24. Backward. In what way is the electron transfer in ferridoxin- NADP reductase similar to that of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
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- Match the name of the process with its description Electron transport chain oxidation of pyruvate chemiosmotic phosphorylation citric acid cycle 1. The 2-carbon acetyl group separates from coenzyme A and attaches to a four carbon molecule called oxaloacetate, forming the 6-carbon molecule called citrate. In a series of enzyme-catalyzed steps, the citrate loses 8 high-energy electrons to NAD+ and FAD. In addition, ADP is phosphorylated (changed to ATP) as part of step three. Carbons leave as carbon dioxide in steps 2 and 3. This leaves a 4-carbon molecule, which eventually combines with another Acetyl CoA to form citrate and the cycle begins again. 2. Pyruvate moves into the mitochondrion and two electrons are removed from pyruvate and transferred to NAD+. One of the carbon atoms in pyruvate leaves as a molecule of carbon dioxide. The remaining 2-carbon piece becomes attached to Coenzyme A. 3. Protons concentrated in the…. Briefly describe the biological rationale for cach of the following allosteric phenomena: (a) activation of pyruvate carboxylase by acetyl-CoA; (b) acti- vation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase by NADH; (c) inhibition of isoci- trate dehydrogenase by NADH; (d) activation of isocitrate dehydrogenase by ADP; (e) inhibition of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase by succinyl-CoA; (f) activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase by Ca*.1. Identify the oxidized coenzyme (letter abbreviation only) that participates in this reaction of the Kreb’s cycle. Succinate --> Fumarate 2. How many mol of NADH can be obtained upon the beta oxidation of stearic acid? 3. How many mol of ATP can be obtained upon the complete oxidation of 1 mol stearic acid? 4. How many steps in glycolysis in which ATO is converted to ADP?
- 14. Inhibitors. Rotenone inhibits electron flow through NADH-Q oxidoreductase. Antimycin A blocks electron flow between cytochromes b and c₁. Cyanide blocks elec- tron flow through cytochrome oxidase to O₂. Predict the relative oxidation-reduction state of each of the following respiratory-chain components in mitochondria that are treated with each of the inhibitors: (a) NAD+ (b) NADH-Q oxidoreductase (c) coenzyme Q (d) cytochrome c₁ (e) cytochrome c (f) cytochrome aChoose any/all that apply to the citric acid cycle. One complete turn of the cycle generates three molecules of NADH, one molecule of FADH₂ and two molecules of CO2. The rate of the citric acid cycle is increased in the presence of ATP. The rate of the citric acid cycle is increased in the presence of cyanide, a potent inhibitor of the electron transport chain. The oxidation of acetyl CoA provides the energy-rich electrons that are harvested in the citric acid cycle. One complete turn of the cycle results in the consumption of one molecule of oxaloacetate. The citric acid cycle requires aerobic conditions even though no O₂ is directly consumed in the reactions of the cycle.. In deciding which form of isocitrate dehydrogenase plays the more important role in the citric acid cycle-the NAD*-dependent or the NADP*-dependent form-what kinds of information would help you?
- FILL IN THE TABLE PATHWAY It takes place in PRODUCT No. of Product Equivalent ATP ENZYME RESPONSIBLE Glycolysis Pyruvate ------ NADH ATP Beta Oxidation (1cycle) NADH FADH2 Acetyl CoA --------- Pyruvate Decarboxylase NADH CO2 Citric Acid Cycle (Acetyl CoA) GTP NADH FADH2 CO2I'm confused about glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Question: What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in gluconeogenesis? Would the answer be -> Oxidation of NADH and release of an ADP from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or -> Oxidation of NADH and release of phosphate from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or -> Oxidation of NADH and release of phosphate from 1,3 bisphosphoglycerateGiven 1 molecule of maltose considering the malate-aspartate shuttle. Identify the following:1. Total number of glucose molecules entering glycolysis2. Total number of pyruvate molecules produces at the end of glycolysis3. Total number of mitochondrial NADH produced after pyruvate is acted upon pyruvate dehydrogenase complex4.Total number of CO2 released right after the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction5. Total number of acetyl coA molecules entering the citric acid cycle6. Total number of net cytosolic ATP molecules produced right after glycolysis7. Total number of all NADH molecules produced after complete oxidation8.Total number of all FADH2 molecules produced after complete oxidation9. Total number of all mitochondrial GTP molecules produced10. Total number of net ATP molecules produced after complete oxidation
- Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by· NIADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by AΤΡ. Citrate synthase is inhibited by NADH. Succinyl-CoA activates citrate synthase. Acetyl-CoA activates pyruvate carboxylase.Describe how the reaction catalyzed by triose phosphate isomerase is required based on the substrate for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Contrast ATP consumed in the investment stage with substrate level phosphorylation reaction Describe reactions catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase based on substrate level phosphorylation reactions.What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase? catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to an acceptor oxidation of the alcohol to an aldehyde dehydration and dephosphorylation of GAP hydrolysis of GAP oxidation by NAD+ and formation of acyl-phosphate
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