oxidized coenzyme
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1. Identify the oxidized coenzyme (letter abbreviation only) that participates in this reaction of the Kreb’s cycle.
Succinate --> Fumarate
2. How many mol of NADH can be obtained upon the beta oxidation of stearic acid?
3. How many mol of ATP can be obtained upon the complete oxidation of 1 mol stearic acid?
4. How many steps in glycolysis in which ATO is converted to ADP?
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- The Effect of lodoacetic Acid on the Glyceraldehyde-3-P Dehydrogenase Reaction (Integrates with Chapters 4 and 14.) How might iodoacetic acid affect the glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction in glycolysis? Justify your answer.Based on your knowledge of the structure of NAD+ and an assumption that coenzyme dissociation is the rate limiting step of the alcohol dehydrogenase mechanism, hypothesize why a N249W mutation at the coenzyme binding site would increase the rate of catalysis.Complete oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid can yield 129 molecules of ATP Study Figure 19.2 and determine how many ATP molecules would be generated if a 16-carbon fatly acid were metabolized solely by the TCA cycle, in the form of S acetyl-CoA molecules.
- In the first step of the citric acid cycle, an acetyl group from acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form (a) pyruvate (b) citrate (c) NADH (d) ATP (e) CO2Figure 27.3 illustrates the response of R (ATP-regenerating) and U (ATP-utilizing) enzymes to energy charge. a. Would hexokinase be an R enzyme or a U enzyme? Would glutamine: PRPP amidotransferase, the second enzyme in purine biosynthesis, be an R enzyme or a U enzyme? b. If energy charge = 0.5: Is the activity of hexokinase high or low? Is ribose-5-P pyrophosphokinase activity high or low? c. If energy charge = 0.95: Is the activity of hexokinase high or low? Is ribose-5-P pyrophosphokinase activity high or low?Before pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle, it is decarboxylated, oxidized, and combined with coenzyme A, forming acetyl CoA, carbon dioxide, and one molecule of (a) NADH (b) FADH2 (c) ATP (d) ADP (e) C6H12O6
- The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)Ethanol as a Source of Metabolic Energy (Integrates with Chapters 19 and 20.) Acetate produced in ethanol metabolism can be transformed into acetyl-COA by the acetyl thiokinase reaction: Acetate+ATP+CoASHacetyleCoA+AMP+PPiAcetyle-CoA then can enter the citric acid cycle and undergo oxidation to 2 CO2by this route, assuming oxidative phosphorylation is part of the process? (Assume all reactions prior to acetyl-CoA entering the citric acid cycle occur outside the mitochondrion). Per carbon atom, which is a better metabolic fuel, ethanol or glucose? That is, how many ATP equivalents per carbon atom are generated by combustion of glucose versus ethanol to CO2?How Do Vitamin-Derived Coenzymes Aid Metabolism? What chemical functionality is provided to enzyme reactions by pyridoxal phosphate (we Chapter 13)? By coenzyme A (see Chapter I9)? By vitamin B12 (see Chapter 23)? By thiamine pyrophosphate (see Chapter 19)?
- 1. What molecule are released in the formation of alpha- ketoglutarate into succinyl CoA? A. fad - fadh + h20 B. Fad- fadh C. Nadh+ co2 D. Acetl coa + co2 2.fad is reduced in which of the reaction of the krebs cycle? 3. How many nadh and fadh2 molecules are prodcues respectively during one turn of the citric acid cycle? 4. Acetyl coa is formed from pyruvate by ___ reaction. 5. What enzyme un the ETC is responsibke for generating the atp molecules?In the complete b-oxidation of stearic acid (18:0), a) how many moles of acetyl CoA are produced? b) how many times would the fatty acid pass through the fatty acid spiral for complete oxidation? c) what is the total ATP produced in the citric acid cycle? d) how many moles of NADH are produced? e) how many moles of FADH2 are produced? f) how many moles of ATP are produced after all NADH are reoxidized in the respiratory chain? g) how many moles of ATP are produced after all FADH2 are reoxidized in the respiratory chain? h) how many moles of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of stearic acid?In the complete b-oxidation of stearic acid (18:0), a)how many moles of acetyl CoA are produced? ________ b)how many times would the fatty acid pass through the fatty acid spiral for complete oxidation? ________ c)what is the total ATP produced in the citric acid cycle? ________ d)how many moles of NADH are produced? ________ e)how many moles of FADH2 are produced? ________ f)how many moles of ATP are produced after all NADH are reoxidized in the respiratory chain? ________ g)how many moles of ATP are produced after all FADH2 are…
