3. My neighbor grows tasty Kaffir limes (Citrus hystrix). Limes purchased in aurantiifolia. An 8,356 bp neutral region is sequenced from both of these lime species. A common ancestor between these two species is estimated to have been present 6 million years ago. The generation time for these two lime trees is 6 years. The mutation rate (u) is 4E-08. How many substitutions are expected in the 8,356 bp neutral region between these two different lime species? Show your calculations and explain.

3. My neighbor grows tasty Kaffir limes (Citrus hystrix). Limes purchased in aurantiifolia. An 8,356 bp neutral region is sequenced from both of these lime species. A common ancestor between these two species is estimated to have been present 6 million years ago. The generation time for these two lime trees is 6 years. The mutation rate (u) is 4E-08. How many substitutions are expected in the 8,356 bp neutral region between these two different lime species? Show your calculations and explain.

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

15th Edition

ISBN:9781337408332

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter10: Control Of Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4CT: The photos below show flowers from two Arabidopsis plants. The plant on the left is wild-type...

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The photos above show flowers from Arabidopsis plants. One plant is wild-type (unmutated); the other carries a mutation in one of its ABC floral identity genes. This mutation causes sepals and petals to form instead of stamens and carpels. Refer to Figure 10.8 to decide which gene (A, B, or C) has been inactivated by the mutation.
Which statement about analogies is correct? They occur only as errors They are synonymous with homologous traits. They are derived by similar environmental constraints. They are a form of mutation.
1. Give two (2) examples of mutations (plants, animals or man) which are striking proofs that species do change.
7. Why recombinant DNA is very useful in improving our health conditions?A. Human insulin can be reproduced by bacteria?B. Vaccine can be reproduced by fungi or bacteriaC. Human growth hormone can be obtained from E. ColiD. All of the above 8. Which of the following is/are example of genetic engineering?A. A farmer choose a breed of cow for greater milk production.B. The use of bacteria in order to produce human insulinC. The insertion of clone genes to plant cellsD. Cross pollination of squash flowers. 9. Bacterial cells as host organisms may expose the gene to make protein products such as insulin and growth hormone . Which of the following processes are involved?A. replication and transcription. B. Transcription and replication C. Transcription and transformation. D. Replication and transformation
1. Every time a human cell divides, over 50 new mutations can be found in the daughter cells 2. Mutations can accumulate over the course of successive cell divisions 3. In every new kid, over 50 new mutations can be found when comparing them to their parents 4. Most of the new mutations in gametes are probably silent*, but there's a good chance that one of them might occur in a gene, and alter that gene in such a way as to potentially create a mutation *Note: by 'silent' we mean that the mutation doesn't have the potential to alter phenotype, either because it is not in a gene, or is in a gene but in the middle of an intron, or is in the coding sequence but is a silent substitution, etc., etc. 5. Most new gene mutations (i.e. mutations that occur in genes that alter gene expression, splicing or protein sequence) are recessive
In DNA-hybridization experiments on six species of plants in the genus Vicia, DNA was isolated from each of the six species, denatured by heating, and sheared into small fragments (W. Y. Chooi. 1971. Genetics 68:213–230). In one experiment, DNA from each species and from E. coli was allowed to renature. The graph shows the results of this renaturation experiment. Q. Notice that, for the Vicia species, the rate of renaturation is much faster in the first hour and then slows down. What might cause this initial rapid renaturation and the subsequent slowdown?
Imagine you are trying to test whether a population of flowers is undergoing evolution. You suspect there is selection pressure on the color of the flower: bees seem to cluster around the red flowers more often than the blue flowers. In a separate experiment, you discover blue flower color is dominant to red flower color. In a field, you count 600 blue flowers and 200 red flowers. What would you expect the genetic structure of the flowers to be?
The photos below show flowers from two Arabidopsis plants. The plant on the left is wild-type (unmutated); the other carries a mutation that causes its flowers to have sepals and petals instead of stamens and carpels. The mutation inactivated one of the plant's ABC floral identity genes. Refer to Figure 10.8 and decide which gene (A, B, or C) has been inactivated.
1. To study or edit a single gene, scientists must first isolate it from the rest of the genes in a genome.2. They may start by cutting an organism's DNA and then cloning all of the fragments at the same time.3. As a result, a genomic library is created, which is a collection of clones that collectively contain all of the DNA in a genome. Which of the following statements is/are true ? a. 2 and 3 b. 1,2, and 3 c. 1 and 2 d. 2 e. 1 f. 1 and 3
2a)An ancient gene underwent duplication during the course of evolution to yield two chain genes designated as δ and ε genes. What is the name of A,B,C and the contrast between B and C.
6. How do you know if the halibut you purchased at thesupermarket is really halibut? To identify the sourceof a biological sample, scientists PCR amplify andthen sequence a region of DNA known to vary between species. For animals, this DNA region is a648–base pair portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. The sequence of this mtDNAregion acts as a so-called DNA barcode because adatabase exists that contains the sequences of thismtDNA region that are unique for hundreds ofthousands of animal species.a. Why do you think that a region of mitochondrialDNA is used for barcoding animals, as opposed toa region of nuclear genomic DNA?b. A single pair of PCR primers can be used tobarcode any species of fish. Explain how this ispossible.c. List criteria that scientists would have consideredwhen determining which mitochondrial DNAsequence to use for barcoding animals.
5. A haplotype is a specific set of SNPs and other genetic variants observed on a single chromosome or part of a chromosome, as compared between individuals in a population. Shown below are eight DNA sequences from different individuals: Nucleotide Position 1 5 10 15 Sequence 1. TCTGGAT CAT CACAT Sequence 2. ACAGCAT CATIA CGT Sequence 3. TCAGGAT CATIA CAT. Sequence 4. TCAGGAT CATI A CAT. Sequence 5. ACAGCATCATI ACGT Sequence 6. TCT G GAT CAT CACAT Sequence 7. TCAGGAT CATI A CAT. Luis Pagoada Sequence 8. ACAGCAT CAT IACGT. a. Give the nucleotide positions of all single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; nucleotide positions where individuals vary in which base is present) in these sequences. b. How many different haplotypes (sets of linked variants) are found in these eight sequences?