4. Assume that a new low-calorie sweetener is developed. The structure is novel and is tested with the Amestest for mutagenicity. The following results are obtained:SampleNumber of hist revertent colonies1distilled waterdistilled water + rat liver enzymessweetener34sweetener + rat liver enzymes65Would you recommend this sweetener to be FDA approved? Why?How do you explain the difference between sample 3 and 4?

Any product that is intended for human consumption requires prior approval and usage recommendation…

Answered: 4. Assume that a new low-calorie…

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter19: Genomes And Proteomes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TYK

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4. A recent estimate of the rate of base substitutions atSNP loci is about 1 × 10−8 per nucleotide pair pergamete.a. Based on this estimate, about how many de novomutations (that is, mutations not found in the genomes of your parents) are present in your own genome?b. Where and when did these de novo mutations inyour genome most likely occur?
The results of a paternity test using short tandem repeats are listed in the table below. Whos the daddy? How sure are you?
1. What is the purpose of adding of (a) warm salt water, (b) detergent, and (c) alcohol on the experiment of the extraction of DNA from a banana?
1. What are the considerations we need to consider in introducing recombinant DNA in plant calli and in animal cell lines? (Give at least three considerations) Explain and answer this comprehensively.
1. Explain how the SNP changes the recognition sequence for the restriction enzyme and affects its ability to cut the DNA. Indicate which of the 2 alleles (taster or non-taster) is cut by the restriction enzyme. 2. Predict the size of the expected DNA fragments after restriction digest for the two alternative SNP sequences (the taster and the non-taster).i.) Taster allele after being cut ii.) Non-taster allele after being cut
2) The authors investigate if the switch from the polymerase to the exonuclease site involves releasing and re-binding of the DNA or if it utilizes an intramolecular rearrangement. To accomplish this, they use a primer-extension assay. How is a primer extension assay performed? In answering this question, be sure to mention a.) why heparin is used, b.) how they generate mismatched primers, and c.) how they visualize only the primer strand and not the template strand on their gel.
1. Below is the base sequence of protein for normal hemoglobin and the base sequence for the sickle cell hemoglobin:Normal: GGG CTT CTT TTTSickle: GGG CAT CTT TTTa. Transcribe and translate the normal and sickle cell DNA. b. Identify this as a point or frameshift mutation. Explain. c. If the base sequence read GGG CTT CTT AAA instead, would this result in sickle cell hemoglobin? Explain.
1. Methods of gene therapy 2. Explain Small RNAs and long non coding RNA. 3.what is name of the technique that would help a person who inherited LFS to have a child without the defective allele? 4 .Describe the main technique for amplifying a segment of DNA (like the one you suspect is involved in Lee’s cancer) from a complex mixture of genomic DNA. Remember that the entire human genome sequence is known. (Hint: This is a technique that is commonly used by laboratories that do genetic testing and various other applications of molecular biology.) 5. If Dr. Aikenhed wanted to see if there was mutation within the protein-coding sequence of the gene implicated in this disorder (as opposed to mutations afecting regulatory elements), what technique involving dideoxynucleotides could be used? Briefy describe this technique.
1) Recombinant DNA technology and selective breeding are 2 techniques that seek to produce desirable traits within an organism, yet they do so in very different ways. How do the methods of each process differ? What technique would more reliable in producing the desired outcome? Why?
1. Given the following restriction endonucleases and the sequences of their corresponding restriction sites, which would be LEAST useful for cutting the plasmid and the foreign DNA to be inserted? [The arrows indicate where cuts are made.] (see img) a. EcoRI b. HindIII c. HaeIII d. BamHI 2. EcoRI and HindIII are two different restriction enzymes. If the DNA from two different sources were cut with either EcoRI or HindIII, which of the cut DNA fragments would NOT join together easily so that they could be sealed with ligase? a. E. coli DNA cut with EcoRI and human DNA cut with HindIII b. E. coli DNA cut with HindIII and mouse DNA cut with HindIII c. human DNA cut with EcoRI and chimpanzee DNA cut with EcoRI d. mouse liver DNA cut with HindIII and mouse kidney DNA cut with HindIII
4. You can carry out matings between an Hfr and F−strain by mixing the two cell types in a small patch ona plate and then replica plating to selective medium.This methodology was used to screen hundreds of different cells for a recombination-deficient recA− mutant. Why is this an assay for RecA function? Wouldyou be screening for a recA− mutation in the F− or Hfrstrain using this protocol? Explain.
7. Why recombinant DNA is very useful in improving our health conditions?A. Human insulin can be reproduced by bacteria?B. Vaccine can be reproduced by fungi or bacteriaC. Human growth hormone can be obtained from E. ColiD. All of the above 8. Which of the following is/are example of genetic engineering?A. A farmer choose a breed of cow for greater milk production.B. The use of bacteria in order to produce human insulinC. The insertion of clone genes to plant cellsD. Cross pollination of squash flowers. 9. Bacterial cells as host organisms may expose the gene to make protein products such as insulin and growth hormone . Which of the following processes are involved?A. replication and transcription. B. Transcription and replication C. Transcription and transformation. D. Replication and transformation

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