5d. Remembering that hexose metabolism is a highly conserved process among all branches of life, how many genes do you expect to find in this operon? Explain your logic.
Q: What is the default state of the lac operon? a. LacI repressor is sitting on the operator sequence…
A: Lacl repressor is sitting on a operator sequence and blocks RNAP from transcribing lacZYA
Q: 6) E. coli can use the permease encoded by Lacy to take up the sugar raffinose, however raffinose…
A: Lac operon Lactose operon is the group of three gene lacZ, lacY, and lacA which are linked to…
Q: Name and describe two types of constitutive mutants of the lactose operon.
A: Operon can be defined as an operating unit, which is nothing but gene clusters that are located…
Q: 26) If there is no lactose present in the cell of a bacterium with a "lac operon" the repressor…
A: Operon system is an example of prokaryotic gene regulation in which the expression of polycystonic…
Q: Utilizing lactose operon, how can we explain how induction controls enzyme synthesis 2. Use…
A: An operon is a group of genes that code for proteins that are involved in a single cellular…
Q: 2. Distinguish among inducible, repressible, and constitutive gene operons.
A: An operon is a functional unit of genomic DNA that comprises a collection of genes that are all…
Q: 2) Attenuation of the trp operon is controlled by the formation of stem-loop structures in the mRNA…
A: Tryptophan attenuation is a means of regulation of tryptophan biosynthesis. Normally when tryptophan…
Q: Jacques Monod, one of the geneticists who won the Nobel Prize in medicine for deciphering the…
A: The synthesis of RNA from DNA is called transcription and synthesis of protein with the help of RNA…
Q: 3. wnat makes the genetic modification of corn different from that of the mouse (at least for…
A:
Q: How does induction control enzyme synthesis using lactose operon? 2. Describe how level of a key…
A: By controlling the transcription of the mRNA which is needed for the enzyme synthesis, the genetic…
Q: 1. Complete the following table based on your lac operon simulations. Absence of lactose Presence of…
A: An operon is a group of genes that are transcribed at the same time. The lac operon consists of…
Q: 1. Explain why catabolite repression is used in regulating the lac operon and describe how it…
A: Repression by glucose of beta-galactosidase synthesis is spontaneously reversible in all strains of…
Q: what is an attenuator? (in context of a prokaryotic operon )
A: Operons are prokaryotic arrangements of multiple genes under the control of a single promoter. The…
Q: 2. Fill in the blanks. Next week we will analyze the Breseq data. If you see the symbol '/', it…
A: Breseq is a computational pipeline for detecting mutations in short-read DNA re-sequencing data for…
Q: 4a. The diagram below represents (a) the lac operon in the OFF state and (b) lac operon in the ON…
A: Note - Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you…
Q: 5. Regulation of bacterial operons by inducers, e.g. lactose, exhibits which of the following…
A: The regulation of gene expression can occur at the level of transcription and translation.
Q: 1 Given the following genotypes, explain how the mutation (identified by a () superscript will…
A: Operon is a unit consisting of one or more systems that function coordinately under the control of…
Q: 4. Predict the level of genetic activity of the lac operon as well as the status of the lac…
A: In lac operon, structural genes responsible for lactose metabolism are all under the control of a…
Q: 2. Assume you have identified a new operon in bacteria (which you call the suc operon) that encodes…
A: The gene expression in prokaryotes is under the control of operon system in which the transcription…
Q: 5) The bacterial Lac operon is an example of transcriptional regulation. What are the major…
A: Using an example of Escherichia coli for the bacterial lac operon. Escherichia coli is a…
Q: 10. Draw a simple operon, including the operator, promoter, and the structural genes. Make sure to…
A: Operon system is seen in bacteria (prokaryotic cells). Operon consists of a promoter, operator, and…
Q: 5. Briefly describe the lac operon and how it controls the metabolism of lactose.
A: An operon is a group of genes that are expressed under the same regulatory sequences.
Q: Think about the situation where there is an increased concentration of both glucose and allolactose…
A: Lacoperon is an operon that consists of a group of genes in E.coli which is required for the…
Q: A)Explain the mechanism by which the lac operon is sensitive to glucose levels (presence and absence…
A: “Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: 5f. Complete the diagrams below to reflect the proteins and any relevant cofactors (e.g. -…
A:
Q: 1. Compare and contrast gene regulation of a Lac operon when there is little glucose in the…
A: The cellular environment has an impact on cellular action which is achieved by controlling the…
Q: 2. You are studying the regulation of the lactose operon in Escherichia coli, by measuring…
A: The lac operon is responsible for the entry and metabolism of lactose in E. coli as well as most…
Q: 2. What is attenuation and what is its significance in prokaryotic gene regulation? Explain…
A: Gene expression is defined as a process which is used by cells to convert the instructions coded in…
Q: 8. In the Bt corn experiment discussed in class, the gene of interest that is transferred from the…
A: Foods developed from GMO crops are referred to as genetically modified foods. Corn grown using…
Q: 6. Which of the following is true about E. coll's lac operon? If there is no lactose present, the…
A: Option 1. For the lactose transport and metabolism of in E. coli and other bacteria, the lac operon…
Q: 4. Explain why the B-galactosidase gene is made in two pieces with the a and 2 parts of the enzyme.
A: Beta galactosidases are the enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of beta galactosides into…
Q: 4. The gene for B-galactosidase has 3,075 bp. How long would it take for the E. coli RNA polymerase…
A: Transcription is the process by which the information stored in DNA is transferred onto an RNA…
Q: ii. ) If the lac operon in 'a' carried a mutation in the CAP binding site that rendered it…
A: First it has to be understood that : 1) the CAP-cAMP complex acts as a glucose sensor and is only…
Q: 8 How are the transitions from a closed to an open complex for eukaryotic RNA polymerases I, Il and…
A: Hello. Since you have posted multiple questions and not specified which question needs to be solved,…
Q: 1- How does the sigma factor control whether it can start transcription together to give way to RNA…
A: Transcription is the process where one strand of DNA is transcribed into RNA is known as antisense…
Q: Suppose you have an E. coli in which the gene that codes for the lac repressor protein has been…
A: Lac operon is an inducible type of operon that involves the breakdown of lactose in E.coli. The lac…
Q: How might the regulation of the lac operon change if a point mutation occurred that blocks the…
A: Lac Operon consists of structural (z y and a) , regulatory (I), promoter and operator genes in the…
Q: 1) Assume you have an operon that is repressible. In this case, the rate of synthesis of repressor…
A: An operon is defined as a DNA functioning unit containing a cluster or group of genes under the…
Q: 9. Give the levels of Beta-galactosidase activity (high or low or zero) expected for the following…
A: A set of genes present in E.coli. that regulates the uptake of lactose from the surrounding…
Q: 4. wha circumstances (high or low glucose) is CAF pound CAMP? 5. In the absence of lactose and the…
A: The lactose operon, sometimes called the lac operon, is a collection of genes present in E. coli and…
Q: 9. A single base substitution mutation in lacY gene of the Lac operon would render the entire lac…
A: Gene regulation at the level of transcription in bacteria is achieved by the operon model. Operon is…
Q: 1c In context with transcription of prokaryotic genes briefly describe the effect the lac…
A: Transcription within the prokaryotic cell is regulated by the complicated interactions of…
Q: In class, I compared how the Lac operon operates like a car's gas pedal and brakes. Describe this…
A: Lac operon is needed by the bacteria for the transport and metabolism of lactose.It is only…
Q: 2. Assume you have identified a new operon in bacteria (which you call the suc operon) that encodes…
A: Gene expression in prokaryotes is under the control of an operon system in which the transcription…
Q: . In DNA amplification, using the Taq polymerase, what is the maximum number of amplification…
A:
Q: Compare and contrast repressible and inducible operons. 2. Are genes for enzymes involved in…
A: An operon is a group of genes coding for proteins that perform related functions, that are…
Q: 1) A. What is the difference between a repressible vs, an inducible operon? B. Using diagrams…
A: The answer is given below
Q: Which statement does NOT explain why the lac operon would not be effectively regulated by an…
A: Lac operon is composed of a regulatory gene, promoter, operator, and structural genes. Lac operon is…
Q: What are the effects of the following conditions on Lac operon of bacteria
A: Lac Operon is a set of three structural genes regulated by a common promoter and maintain lactose…
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
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- Arginine is one of the amino acids that serves as a building block for protein synthesis. Arginine biosynthesis depends on the expression of the arg operon, which encodes ArgC (a reductase) and ArgB (acetylglutamate kinase). Which of the following statements regarding mutation of the arginine biosynthesis repressor ArgR is true? O A 1-bp insertion in the argR gene would result in a mutant able to grow in the absence of arginine, O A 1-bp deletion in the argB gene would result in a mutant unable to transcriptionally regulate the arg operon encoding argB. O A 1bp insertion in the argC gene would result in a mutant able to grow in the absence of arginine. O A 1-bp deletion in the argR gene would result in a mutant that represses the arg operon when grown in the presence of arginine. None of the above.You are growing E. coli in a laboratory in order to study their operons. The growth media you are using contains lactose, no glucose and no tryptophan. Using your knowledge of operons and their regulation, Please explain so I can understand in the answer What effect does lactose have on the bacterial cell’s lac operon? What does the absence of glucose do to the bacterial cell? You now add tryptophan to the cell. What would happen to the bacterial cell and its trp operon? What kind of regulation does lactose provide to an operon’s repressor?Imagine that a new strain of E. coli is discovered, and it contains the following novel genetic region including the lacI gene and the lac operon: *see image* Upstream of the promoter associated with the lac operon, there is a new operator element "Oν" (O-"nu"). This new operator has high sequence homology to O1, the DNA element that is bound with the highest affinity by the lac repressor. What would be the impact of this new genetic element regarding behavior of the operonin the absence (vs. the presence) of lactose and allolactose? Answer in terms of the protein levels of the lac repressor, as well as the proteins encoded by the genes lacZ/Y/A in the downstream region of the operon. Remember that proteins, once expressed/generated, will not persist forever, and that they have a natural lifetime (ending when they are degraded by the cell).
- You are growing E. coli in a laboratory in order to study their operons. The growth media you are using contains lactose, no glucose and no tryptophan. Using your knowledge of operons and their regulation, answer the following questions Which operons would be functional under these conditions? 2. What repressors would be made? (NOTE: name the repressors using their gene names) 3.Which repressor(s) would be made in the inactive form? 4.Which repressor(s) would be made in the active form? 5.Which repressor(s) under these conditions can bind the operator sequence? 6.Which repressor(s)under these conditions cannot bind the operator sequence?You are growing E. coli in a laboratory in order to study their operons. The growth media you are using contains lactose, no glucose and no tryptophan. Using your knowledge of operons and their regulation, answer the following questions I really need a in depth epxplantion for the queshtions to make sure i understand the answers a.What effect does lactose have on the bacterial cell’s lac operon? b.What does the absence of glucose do to the bacterial cell? c.You now add tryptophan to the cell. What would happen to the bacterial cell and its trp operon? d.What kind of regulation does lactose provide to an operon’s repressor?Lactose permease is encoded by the lacY gene of the lac operon.Suppose a mutation occurred at codon 64 that changed the normalglycine codon into a valine codon. The mutant lactose permease isunable to function. However, a second mutation, which changescodon 50 from an alanine codon to a threonine codon, is able torestore function. Is each of the following terms appropriate or inappropriate to describe this second mutation?A. ReversionB. Intragenic suppressorC. Intergenic suppressorD. Missense mutation
- You are growing E. coli in a laboratory in order to study their operons. The growth media you are using contains lactose, no glucose and no tryptophan. Using your knowledge of operons and their regulation, answer the following questions using the dropdown menus provided in Canvas. Which operons would be functional under these conditions? What repressors would be made? (NOTE: name the repressors using their gene names) Which repressor(s) would be made in the inactive form? Which repressor(s) would be made in the active form? Which repressor(s) under these conditions can bind the operator sequence?You are growing E. coli in a laboratory in order to study their operons. The growth media you are using contains lactose, no glucose and no tryptophan. Using your knowledge of operons and their regulation, answer the following questions using the dropdown menus provided in Canvas. Which operons would be functional under these conditions? What repressors would be made? (NOTE: name the repressors using their gene names) Which repressor(s) would be made in the inactive form? Which repressor(s) would be made in the active form? Which repressor(s) under these conditions can bind the operator sequence? Which repressor(s)under these conditions cannot bind the operator sequence? What effect does lactose have on the bacterial cell’s lac operon? What does the absence of glucose do to the bacterial cell? You now add tryptophan to the cell. What would happen to the bacterial cell and its trp operon? What kind of regulation does lactose provide to an operon’s…If glucose is not available, but lactose is available from the environment, what is the status of transcription of the lac operon genes? Explain your answer from both an evolutionary perspective and in terms of negative and positive regulation of the operon?
- INTERPRET DATA Develop a simple hypothesis that would explain the behavior of each of the following types of mutants in E. coli. Mutant a: The map position of this mutation is in the trp operon. The mutant cells are constitutive; that is, they produce all the enzymes coded for by the trp operon, even if large amounts of tryptophan are present in the growth medium. Mutant b: The map position of this mutation is in the trp operon. The mutant cells do not produce any enzymes coded for by the trp operon under any conditions. Mutant c: The map position of this mutation is some distance from the trp operon. The mutant cells are constitutive; that is, they produce all the enzymes coded for by the trp operon, even if the growth medium contains large amounts of tryptophan.Answer the following questions based on the lac Operon metabolic pathway. The lac Operon regulates the metabolism of what molecule? Is this metabolic pathway is catabolic or anabolic? How many genes are regulated by lac Operon? What binds to the operator when lactose levels are low? What happens when lactose levels are high?Consider the trp operon found in E. coli. You have discovered a mutant strain of E.coli that contains a mutation in its trpR gene. This mutation prevents the trpR protein from binding to its small effector molecule. What would happen if both the wild type and mutant bacteria were put in an environment that contained lots of tryptophan? The normal (wild type) bacteria would have (i)________expression of the trp operon while the mutant bacteria would have (ii) _________ expression of the trp operon. A) (i) high (ii) high B) (i) low (ii) low C) (i) high (ii) low D) (i) low (ii) high