7. The equilibrium constant for the reac- tion N2(8) + O2(g) 2NO(g) at 2130°C is 2.5 × 10-3. Why is it un- necessary to be told whether the value is for K, or K.? The reaction absorbs heat. For the following conditions, determine whether the reaction is spontaneous for- ward or in reverse, or whether it is at equilibrium: a) A 1-liter box contains 0.02 mole of NO, 0.01 mole of O2, and 0.02 mole of N, at 2130°C. b) A 20-liter box contains 0.01 mole of N,, 0.001 mole of O,, and 0.02 mole of NO at 2130°C. c) A 1-liter box contains 1.00 mole of N2, 16 moles of O,, and 0.2 mole of NO at 2500°C.

7. The equilibrium constant for the reac- tion N2(8) + O2(g) 2NO(g) at 2130°C is 2.5 × 10-3. Why is it un- necessary to be told whether the value is for K, or K.? The reaction absorbs heat. For the following conditions, determine whether the reaction is spontaneous for- ward or in reverse, or whether it is at equilibrium: a) A 1-liter box contains 0.02 mole of NO, 0.01 mole of O2, and 0.02 mole of N, at 2130°C. b) A 20-liter box contains 0.01 mole of N,, 0.001 mole of O,, and 0.02 mole of NO at 2130°C. c) A 1-liter box contains 1.00 mole of N2, 16 moles of O,, and 0.2 mole of NO at 2500°C.

Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168390

Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser

Publisher:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser

Chapter16: Thermodynamics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 37E: Consider the decomposition of red mercury(II) oxide under standard state conditions.....

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The free energy change, G, for a process at constant temperature and pressure is related to Suniv and reflects the spontaneity of the process. How is G related to Suniv? When is a process spontaneous? Nonspontaneous? At equilibrium? G is a composite term composed of H, T, and S. What is the G equation? Give the four possible sign combinations for H and S. What temperatures are required for each sign combination to yield a spontaneous process? If G is positive, what does it say about the reverse process? How does the G = H TS equation reduce when at the melting-point temperature of a solid-to-liquid phase change or at the boiling-point temperature of a liquid-to-gas phase change? What is the sign of G for the solid-to-liquid phase change at temperatures above the freezing point? What is the sign of G for the liquid-to-gas phase change at temperatures below the boiling point?
Elemental boron, in the form of thin fibers, can be made by reducing a boron halide with H2. BCl3(g) + 3/2 H2(g) B(s) + 3HCl(g) Calculate H, S, and G at 25 C for this reaction. Is the reaction predicted to be product favored at equilibrium at 25 C? If so, is it enthalpy driven or entropy driven?
Is the following reaction spontaneous as written? Explain. Do whatever calculation is needed to answer the question. SO2(g)+H2(g)H2S(g)+O2(g)
The equilibrium constant for a reaction decreases as temperature increases. Explain how this observation is used to determine the sign of either H or S.
Consider the reaction NH4+(aq) H+(aq)+NH3(aq) Use G f for NH3(aq) at 25C=26.7 kJ/mol and the appropriate tables to calculate (a) G at 25C (b) Ka at 25C
For the reaction 2Cu(s)+S(s)Cu2S(s) H and G are negative and S is positive. a At equilibrium, will reactants or products predominate? Why? b Why must the reaction system be heated in order to produce copper(I) sulfide?
Consider the decomposition of red mercury(II) oxide under standard state conditions.. 2HgO(s,red)2Hg(l)+O2(g) (a) Is the decomposition spontaneous under standard state conditions? (b) Above what temperature does the reaction become spontaneous?
Many plastic materials are organic polymers that contain carbon and hydrogen. The oxidation of these plastics in air to farm carbon dioxide and water is a spontaneous process; however, plastic materials tend to persist in the environment. Explain.
One of the reactions that destroys ozone in the upper atmosphere is NO(g)+O3(g)NO2(g)+O2(g) Using data from Appendix 4, calculate G and K (at 298 K) for this reaction.
For the system 2SO3(g)2SO2(g)+O2(g) K=1.32 at 627. What is the equilibrium constant at 555C?
What types of experiments can be carried out to determine whether a reaction is spontaneous? Does spontaneity have any relationship to the final equilibrium position of a reaction? Explain.
Calculate K at 25°C for each of the reactions referred to in Question 32. Assume smallest whole-number coefficients.