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70 gram lactose working under aerobic conditions. First calculate the total amount of energy units (ATP, GTP, FADH2, NADH) obtained from its degradation to CO2 and H2O. Convert this value to total ATP units.
Show your work in detail at each reaction step. Which energy units are obtained after each reaction step.
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- ATP yield. Each of the following molecules is processed by glycolysis to lactate. How much ATP is generated from each molecule?Efficiency of ATP Production in Muscle: The transformation of glucose to lactate in myocytes releases only about 7% of the free energy released when glucose is completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O. Does this mean that anaerobic glycolysis in muscle is a wasteful use of glucose? Explain.Working at cross-purposes? Gluconeogenesis takes place during intense exercise, which seems counterintuitive. Why would an organism synthesize glucose and at the same time use glucose to generate energy?
- 25. An ATP saved is an ATP earned. The complete oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate derived from free glucose yields 30 molecules ATP, whereas the complete oxidation of glucose 6- phosphate derived from glycogen yields 31 molecules of ATP. Account for this difference.biosynthesis of Thymidine monophosphate from ATP, HCO3-, Gln, Asp, quinone, and methylene THF. Show your work and don’t forget that the conversion of U to T only happens AFTER Ribonucleotide Reductase processes the 2’, 3’ ribose to the 3’ deoxy ribose9Calculate the total amount of ATP that is produced by the complete oxidation of a 20 carbon even-chain saturated fatty acid. Include the number of each cycle required, describe each stage involved, and list the number of ATP that correspond with each stage.
- Saccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP 1. Three moles of glucose-6-phosphateSaccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP 1. Three moles of glucose-6-phosphate 2. Four moles of pyruvic acidSaccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP Five moles of Acetyl coenzyme A
- Biochemical events in the synthesis of ATP: I. Subunits of ATP synthase chages in conformation and twists/rotates as H+ moves through it II. H+ gradient is the driving force (through the ATP synthase) to form ATP from ADP + Pi. III. H+ moving across the membrane through ATP synthase rotates its ring of c subunits II and III only I, II, III I and II only I and III onlymultiple choice, choose the correct answer Under which of the following conditions would an enzyme fail to be accurately described by the M-M equation:1. kcat >> k1 or k-12. In the presence of a negative allosteric effector3. At low concentrations, the reaction is first order with respect to substrate concentration4. At high concentrations the reaction is zero order with respect to substrateProtein: hexokinase, Role: The enzyme that carries out the first step of glycolysis (the first cytoplasmic phase of cellular respiration). Where is this protein synthesized? Be as specific as possible and briefly explain your choice