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What type of metabolic reaction is shown by the following reactions?
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- 1A. Produceadiagramtoillustratethedifferenttypesofmoleculesfoundincells.Briefly describe their properties and functions within the cell. In a separate diagram, describe how carbohydrates, amino acids and triacylglycerides interact metabolically in the generation of energy in the form of ATP.B. Mineralsandvitaminsareimportantnutritionalmoleculesbecausetheyfunctionas cofactors for critical enzymes in living systems. Without them, important biochemical reactions required for growth and tissue repair will not occur. Knowing this, explain the biochemical significance of folate and iron supplementation in pregnant women and women of reproductive age. Consider the effects of folate and iron deficiency as well. 2A. Thevalueofenzymesinlivingsystemsisthatwithoutthem,chemicalreactionsrequired for life to exist would not be possible under physiological conditions. On the basis of this, discuss how enzymes make life possible from a biochemical perspective. Include the following terms in your…Mitochondria contain anout 1500 different proteins true falseAssessing the Effect of Active-Site Phosphorylation on Enzyme Activity (Integrates with Chapter 15.) The serine residue of isocitrate dehydroenase that is phosphorylated by protein kinase lies within the active site of the enzyme. This situation contrasts with most other examples of coa1ent modification by protein phosphorylation. where the phosphorylation occurs at a sate remote from the active site. What direct effect do you think such active-site phosphorylation might have on the catalytic activity of isocitrate dehydrogcn.ise? (Sec Barford, D., 1991. Molecular mechanisms for the control of enzymic activity by protein phosphorytation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1133:55—62.)
- Acetyl CoA can be converted to all of the following except ________. ketone bodies fatty acids polysaccharides triglyceridesTracing the Fate of CO2 During Photosynthesis 14C-labeled carbon dioxide is administered to a green plant, and shortly thereafter the following compounds are isolated from the plant: 3-phosphoglycerate, glucose, erythrose-4-phosphate, sedoheptulose-1 .7-bisphosphate, and ribose-5-phosphate. In which carbon atoms will radioactivity be found?GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of isocitrate into ketoglutarate succinyl CoA into succinate fumarate into malate malate into oxaloacetate
- In contrast to phospholipids, the transport of fatty acids across membranesis much more rapid (less than a second). Propose an explanation for this observation.Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is sold as a nutritionalsupplement. One company uses this marketing slogan for CoQ: “Give your heart thefuel it craves most.” Considering the role ofcoenzyme Q, critique this claim. How do youthink this product might function to benefitthe heart? Is CoQ used as a “fuel” during cellular respiration?A 70-kg adult human (154 lb) could meet his orher entire energy needs for one day by eating 3 moles ofglucose (540 g). (We do not recommend this.) Each mol-ecule of glucose generates 30 molecules of ATP when it isoxidized to CO2. The concentration of ATP is maintained incells at about 2 mM, and a 70-kg adult has about 25 litersof intracellular fluid. Given that the ATP concentrationremains constant in cells, calculate how many times perday, on average, each ATP molecule in the body is hydro-lyzed and resynthesized.
- Provide an explanation for the intracellular separation offatty acid metabolic processes (i.e., fatty acid biosynthesisin cytoplasm and degradation in mitochondria andperoxisomes).40 ItemSkipped Item 40 An enzyme that is described as a protein kinase is a Multiple Choice a. hydrolase that removes an amino acid from a protein. b. transferase that transfers a phosphate group to a protein substrate. c.ligase that adds an amino acid to a protein. d. isomerase that changes one protein into another. e. protease that transfers electrons from one protein to another.Glycogen synthesis requires a short primer chain. Explainhow new glycogen molecules are synthesized given thislimitation.