[9] Cooperation among firms tends to be more difficult when: there are short retaliatory lags. firms sell differentiated products. when an industry trade association exists. А. В. С. D. All of the above
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![[9]
Cooperation among firms tends to be more difficult when:
there are short retaliatory lags.
firms sell differentiated products.
when an industry trade association exists.
All of the above
A.
В.
С.
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- ____ occurs when price‐ and quantity‐fixing agreements among producers are undeclared. a) Tacit collusion b) Strategic collusion c) Oligopoly d) Monopolistic competitionEconomics: Industrial Economics Question: In a market that operates under quantity competition there are 2 firms (Cournot duopoly). The inverse demand function is P = A - B Q. The cost structure of firm 1 is given by C1(q1) = F1 + c1 q1 and that of firm 2 is given by C2(q2) = F2 + c2 q2. Prior to competing, the two firms can engage in research at levels (x1, x2) respectively in order to lower their marginal costs. As a result, marginal costs are c1 = c - x1 - β2x2 and c2= C - x2 - β1 X1. where β1 = β2 > ½. Finally, the research costs are F1 = a1 (x1)^2 /2 and F2 = a2 (x2)^2 /2, where a1 > 0 and a2> 0. 1. The Nash Equilibrium research levels are Choices: A. Higher than the cooperative research levels for both firms. B. Higher than cooperative research levels for firm 1 but lower for... C. Lower than the cooperative research levels for both firms. D. Higher than cooperative research levels for firm 2 but lower for... 2. An increase in the value of a2 would Choices: A.…Compare and contrast Price and Quantity determination in a strategic situation like an oligopoly and that in a purely competitive situation. Give examples for each type of scenarios.
- The inverse market demand curve is P = 170-40. Two firms in this market evenly split the output. Each firm produces its product at a constant marginal cost of $10. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE? I. If one firm produces 2 more units of output, its profits will rise to $864. II. If neither firm cheats, each firm will earn a profit of $800. III. If one firm produces 3 more units of output, the other firm's profits will fall to $680. I and II I and III II and III I, II, and IIIIn relation to bargaining power with Buyers. Explain each point: -They purchase a substantial portion of an industry's total output. -Sales of the product they purchase represent a significant portion of the seller's annual revenue. -They could opt for another product paying little or no switching cost. -The industry's products are not differentiated or are standardized and the buyers pose a credible threat in the event that they integrate backward into the industry of the sellers.The inverse demand curve for a product is p = 20 - 0/5, where Q is the total volume brought to the market. At present two firms serve this market. Firm 1 has constant marginal costs of 5, while Firm 2 has constant marginal costs of 2. Both firms have fixed costs of 100. a) Assuming the fixed costs are sunk, calculate the equilibrium quantities, price and profits for the two firms. b) Now assuming the fixed costs are not sunk, calculate the equilibrium quantities, price and profits for the two firms. c) Discuss any competition issues raised by your answer in part b). d) Discuss the theoretical relevance of sunk costs to competition in markets.
- There are only two driveway paving companies in a small town, Asphalt, Inc. and Blacktop Bros. The inverse demand curve for the services is ? = 2040 − 20?where quantity is measured in pave jobs per month and price, in dollars per job. The firms have an identical marginal cost of $200 per driveway. If the two firms collude, splitting the work and profits evenly, how many driveways will each firm pave, and at what price? How much profit will each firm make? Does Asphalt have an incentive to cheat by paving one more driveway each month? Show it numerically.Suppose the global market for personal computers is monopolistically competitive. If a country engages in a two-way trade in personal computers, such trade is usually based on Multiple Choice comparative advantage. constant returns to scale. product differentiation. external scale economies.You manage a company that competes in an industry that is comprised of five equal-sized firms. A recent industry report indicates that a tariff on foreign imports would boost industry profits by $30 million—and that it would only take $5 million in expenditures on (legal) lobbying activities to induce Congress to implement such a tariff.Discuss your strategy for improving your company’s profits.
- According to the Five Competitive Forces Model, the number of competitors in an industry affects a firm's ability to charge a price above average cost and earn an economic profit, but this is not the only determinant. Match each situation with the competitive force it exemplifies. а. Threat of new entrants d. Threat of substitutes b. Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of customers Rivalry between existing competitors е. с. 4. All of the companies in the parcel delivery service are making substantial economic profits, so Amazon decides to start its own service that delivers goods not only sold through Amazon but by outside companies as well. 5. Because of the high profits earned by insulin-makers, pharmaceutical researchers are actively trying to develop new, different drugs that have the same results for diabetics.C2) Consider an industry with only two firms: firm A and firm B. The industry's inverse demand is P(Q) = 400 - ¹1/Q, 10 where P is the market price and Q is the total industry output. Each firm has a marginal cost of $10. There are no fixed costs and no barriers to exit the market. a) Suppose that the two firms engage in Cournot competition. Find the equilibrium price PNE in the industry, the equilibrium outputs QANE and QBNE, as well as the profits NEA and NEB for each firm. marks] b) Suppose the two firms engage in Stackelberg competition, with firm A moving first, and firm B moving second. Find the equilibrium price PS in the industry, the equilibrium outputs QS and QBS, as well as the profits π and TSB for each firm. в c) For this subquestion only, suppose that firm B has a fixed cost of $200 000: What will firm B's optimal decision be, and what will be the resulting market structure? Now assume that instead of having two firms in the market, we have a monopoly facing the inverse…Consider a type of product whose market structure is monopolistic competition. In the shift from no trade in this type of product to free trade Multiple Choice a country will export the product only if the world price is higher than the country's no-trade price. the number of varieties or models of this type of product available to consumers will increase. factor prices in a country will change by large amounts If most of the country's trade in this type of product is Intra-Industry trade. the extra demand from foreign buyers for this type of product will increase the product price.