A consumer has Hicksian demands given by 1/2 Py Px 1/2 Y, = Ū Px Ру For which of the following prices will it be cheapest for this consumer to reach 10 utility? O a. Px = 7, Py = 28 O b. Px = 16, py = 16 O c. It will cost the consumer the same amount to reach 10 utility at all of these prices d. Px = 8, p,y = 8 O e. Px = 25, Py = 9
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- Betty is looking for a job. She considers job opportunities intwo cities. Bettyís utility is given by y- x, where y is the lifetime income andx is the amount spent on buying a house. The income from City 1 fluctuatesalthough the house price is stable. On the contrary, the income from City2 is stable while the house price fluctuates. If she moves to City 1, Bettycan earn a lifetime income y1 with probability alpha and 1 + y1 with probability1-alpha . The house price in City 1 is x1. Moving to City 2 means that Bettycan earn an income of y2. However, the house price is x2 with probabilitygamma and 1 + x2 with probability 1-gamma . Do the following: (a) Write down theexpected utilities associated with living in the two respective cities, i.e., V1and V2. (b) Derive the condition under which Betty chooses City 1.Joanna is playing blackjack for real money. She has reference-dependent preferences overmoney: if her earnings are m and her reference point is r, then her utility is v(m − r), wherethe value function v satisfies v(x) = √x for x ≥ 0, and v(x) = −2√−x for x ≤ 0a) Graph Joanna’s utility function as a function of m − rb) Does Joanna’s utility function satisfy loss aversion? Does it satisfy diminishingsensitivity?Suppose that Joanna has linear probability weights (that is, she does NOT have prospecttheory’s non-linear probability weighting function). Hence, if she has a fifty-fifty chance ofgetting amounts m and m′, and her reference point is r, her expected utility is1/2v(m − r) + 1/2v(m′− r) (2)For parts (c), (d), and (e), assume that Joanna’s reference point is $0 (that is, no winsor losses) and answer the following questions for each part: (i) What is the g for whichJoanna would be indifferent between not gambling and taking fifty-fifty win $g or lose$4 gamble? (ii) Does this reflect…Alex preferences over cake, c, and money, m, can be represented by the utility functionu (c, m) = c + m + µ (c − rc) + µ (m − rm)where rc is his cake reference point, rm is his money reference point, and the function µ (·) isdefined as µ (z) = z , z ≥ 0 and λz, z < 0 where λ > 0. 1. If his reference point is the status quo (that is, his initial endowment), what is themaximum price Sam would be willing to pay to buy a cake?2. If his reference point is the status quo, what is the minimum price Sam would be willingto accept to sell a cake he already owned?
- James's preferences over cake, c, and money, m, can be represented by the utility functionu (c, m) = c + m + µ (c − rc) + µ (m − rm)where rc is his cake reference point, rm is his money reference point, and the function µ (·) isdefined as µ (z) = z , z ≥ 0 and λz, z < 0 where λ > 0. 1. If his reference point is the status quo (that is, his initial endowment), what is themaximum price Sam would be willing to pay to buy a cake?2. If his reference point is the status quo, what is the minimum price Sam would be willingto accept to sell a cake he already owned?It is October and Sam has won a price of $9000. She has the following two options:• Option A: receiving the entire amount in October;• Option B: receiving the price in three equal installment, that is, receiving $3000 in eachof the following months (October, November, December).Sam decides to distribute her price over time by choosing Option B. Assume that Sam hasconstant marginal utility of money. Prove mathematically that Sam’s preference for Option B cannot be explained by hy-perbolic discounting (the β − δ model). Assume 0 < δ < 1 and 0 < β ≤ 1.Emma has a utility functionU(x1, x2, x3) = logx1+ 0.8 logx2+ 0.72 logx3over her incomes x1, x2, x3 in the next three years. This is an example of(A) expected value;(B) quasi-hyperbolic utility function;(C) standard discounted utility;(D) none of the above. Emma’s preferences can exhibit which of the following behavioral patterns?(A) preference for flexibility;(B) context effects;(C) time inconsistency;(D) intransitivity.
- The economy is populated by 100 agents. Each agent has to divide 1 unit of timebetween work and leisure given the wage rate w paid on the labor market. In additionto the salary, he or she also receives dividend a income of π = Π/100 (the total profitof the firms Π is distributed equally among all the consumers in form of dividends)Suppose that the government does not incur expenditures, so G=0.The agent’s utility function depends on consumption (c) and leisure (l), and it is assumedto satisfy u(c, l) = 0.5 ln(c) + 0.5 ln(l). On the other side of the market, there arefirms who hire workers and produce output. The representative firm operates witha Cobb-Douglas production technology Y = zK^0.5N^0.5, where z denotes the totalfactor productivity, and K = 100 is a fixed amount of capital. Each of the firm’semployees receives wage w, i.e. the total labor cost of the firm is equal to wN^dSuppose that initially z = 1 (so the competitive equilibrium is the one we calculatedin class), but the…For a > 0, consider a consumer whose utility function amounts to u(x1, x2) = − exp(−ax1x2). Can you take first order conditions to solve the utility maximization problem? Explain your argument. Next solve the utility maximization problem, and derive Marshallian demands and the indirect utility function. Given your calculations, state and use the duality theorem to find the expenditure function and Hicksian demand Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.33. Suppose MRSx,y = MUx/MUy = 0.1(a) If the consumer substitutes 10 units of X for one unit of Y, then the utility remainsunchanged(b) Regardless of prices, the consumer will only consume Y(c) If the consumer substitutes 1 unit of Y for 0.1 unit of X, then the utility remainsunchanged(d) Regardless of prices, the consumer will only consume X
- Emma has a utility function U(x1, x2, x3) = log x1 + 0.8 log x2 + 0.72 log x3 over her incomes x1, x2, x3 in the next three years. This is an example of (A) expected value; (B) quasi-hyperbolic utility function; (C) standard discounted utility; (D) none of the above. Emma’s preferences can exhibit which of the following behavioral patterns? (A) preference for flflexibility; (B) context effffects; (C) time inconsistency; (D) intransitivity.an entrepreneur is setting up a storage facility which will provide storage bothat peak times and off peak times.The entrepreneur need to decide how much money storage Q1 t to supply at peak times, and how much storage Q2 to supply off peakit also needs to decide how to set up capacity K, where capacity is such that both K is equal or plus Q1 and K is equal or plus Q2The peak period demand fan storage is given by PI=7200 -Q1 and the off peak is give by P2=5400 -Q2 where P1 and P2 are the prices for units of storage at peak times and off peak respectively.the variable cost is 200 per unit of storage supplied and capacity costs are 100 per unit. Hence profits fpr the entrepreneurs are given by:(7200-Q1) Q1+ (5400-Q2) Q2 - 200 (Q1+Q2)-100 K where Q1 is less or equal K and Q2 is less or equal Ka) write down the Kuhn-Tucken conditions for this proble. b) Find the optimal outputs and capacity for this problemc) now suppose there is a substancial increqse in capacity costs, which rise to 2000…Assume that utility is given by u(x, y) = x0.3y0.7 1. Derive the Walrasian demand function. Then use the derived Walrasian de- mand functions to compute the indirect utility function. 2. Derive the expenditure function and the Hicksian (compensated) demand functions for this case. Hint: Use Propositions 5 and 4.