A firm must decide whether to construct a small, medium, or large stamping plant. A consultant’sreport indicates a 0.20 probability that demand will be low and a 0.80 probability that demandwill be high.If the firms builds a small facility and demand turns out to be low, the net present value will be$42 million. If demand turns out to be high, the firm can either subcontract and realize the netpresent value of S$42 million or expand greatly for a net present value of $48 million.The firm could build a medium size facility as a hedge: if demand turns out to be low, its netpresent value is estimated at $22 million; if demand turns out to be high, the firm could donothing and realize a net present value of $46 million, or it could expand and realize a netpresent value of $50 million.If the firm builds a large facility and demand is low, the net present value will be -$20 million,whereas high demand will result in a net present value of $72 million.Analyze and prepare a decision tree.What is the best alternative in terms of expected monetary value?

Given- Probability for low demand = 0.20 Probability for high demand= 0.80

Answered: A firm must decide whether to construct…

Practical Management Science

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337406659

Author:WINSTON, Wayne L.

Publisher:WINSTON, Wayne L.

Chapter9: Decision Making Under Uncertainty

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 46P

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A firm must decide whether to construct a small, medium, or large stamping plant. A consultant’sreport indicates a .20 probability that demand will be low and an .80 probability that demand willbe high.If the firm builds a small facility and demand turns out to be low, the net present value will be$42 million. If demand turns out to be high, the firm can either subcontract and realize the net present value of $42 million or expand greatly for a net present value of $48 million.The firm could build a medium-size facility as a hedge: If demand turns out to be low, its netpresent value is estimated at $22 million; if demand turns out to be high, the firm could do nothingand realize a net present value of $46 million, or it could expand and realize a net present value of$50 million.If the firm builds a large facility and demand is low, the net present value will be – $20 million,whereas high demand will result in a net present value of $72 million.a. Analyze this problem using a decision…
A firm must decide whether to construct a small, medium or large stamping plant. A consultant’s report indicates a 0.20 probability that demand will be low and 0.80 that demand will be high. If the firm builds a small facility and demand turns out to be low, the Net Present Value (NPV) willbe $42M. If demand turns out to be high, the firm can either subcontract and realize the NPV of $42M orexpand greatly for a Net Present Value of $48M. The firm could build a medium size facility as a hedge: if demand turns out to be low, its NPV is estimated at $22M; if demand turns out to be high, the firm could do nothing and realize a NPV of $46M, or could expand and realize a NPV of $50M. If the firm builds a large facility and demand is low, the NPV will be ($20M), whereas high demand will result in a NPV of $72M. Compute the EVPI *
A manager is trying to decide whether to build a small,medium, or large facility. Demand can be low, average,or high, with the estimated probabilities being 0.25, 0.40,and 0.35, respectively.A small facility is expected to earn an after-tax net pres-ent value of just $18,000 if demand is low. If demand isaverage, the small facility is expected to earn $75,000; it canbe increased to medium size to earn a net present value of$60,000. If demand is high, the small facility is expected to earn $75,000 and can be expanded to medium size to earn$60,000 or to large size to earn $125,000.A medium-sized facility is expected to lose an estimated$25,000 if demand is low and earn $140,000 if demand isaverage. If demand is high, the medium-sized facility isexpected to earn a net present value of $150,000; it can beexpanded to a large size for a net payoff of $145,000.If a large facility is built and demand is high, earningsare expected to be $220,000. If demand is average for thelarge facility, the…
1. Kirsten is trying to decide where to go for her well-earned vacation. She would like to camp, but if the weather is bad, she will have to go to a motel. Given the costs and probabilities of bad weather given below, which destination should she choose? Camping cost Motel cost Probability of bad weather Nevada $21.2 $80.9 0.2 Oregon $15.9 $84.6 0.4 California $30 $95 0.1 a. California, because its EMV = $33.14 b. Nevada, because its EMV = $33.14 c. California, because its EMV = $36.5 d. Any of the 3 choices. e. Oregon, because its EMV = $43.38 f. Nevada, because its EMV = $43.38 g. None of the 3 choices. h. Oregon, because its EMV is $36.50.
The Hard to Beat Bakery is deciding whether to buy or repair an existing oven thatthey have been using for over 8 years. If they elect to repair, it will cost the entity$950,000 and either of two outcomes is likely: 1. A 20% probability it will perform okay and generate revenues of$10,000,000, or 2. An 80% chance that it will be partially restored and generate revenue of$2,000,000. If on the other hand however, they purchase a new oven, they can either buy animported oven for $3,500,000 or they can buy a locally made one for $2,200,000.If the elect to purchase the imported oven, production will earn them revenues of$15,550,000, but if they buy the locally made oven, there is a 70% likelihood thatit perform as expected and generate revenues of $12,000,000; and a 30% chancethat it will not and generate revenues of $6,000,000. Required: 1. Draw a decision tree of this problem and determine the expected value.2. Advise the management of the Bakery on how to proceed.3. Briefly discuss the…
A manager is quite concerned about the recent deterioration of a section of the roof on a building that houses her firm’s computer operations. According to her assistant there are three options which merit consideration: I, II, and III. Moreover, there are three possible future conditions that must be included in the analysis: A, which has a probability of occurrence of .25; B, which has a probability of .6; and C, which has a probability of .15. If condition A materializes, I will cost $12000, II will cost $20000, and III will cost $16000. If condition B materializes, the costs will be $15000 for I, $18000 for II, and $14000 for III. If condition C materializes, the costs will be $10000 for I, $15000 for I, and $19000 for III. (A) Draw a decision tree for this problem. (B) Using expected monetary value, which alternative should be chosen
A manager is quite concerned about the recent deterioration of a section of the roof on a building that houses her firm's computer operations. According to her assistant there are three options which merit consideration: I, II, and III. Moreover, there are three possible future conditions that must be included in the analysis: A, which has a probability of occurrence of .3; B, which has a probability of .5; and C, which has a probability of .2.If condition A materializes, I will cost $12,000, II will cost $20,000, and III will cost $16,000. If condition B materializes, the costs will be $15,000 for I, $18,000 for II, and $14,000 for III. If condition C materializes, the costs will be $10,000 for I, $15,000 for II, and $19,000 for III.(A) Draw a decision tree for this problem.(B) Using expected monetary value, which alternative should be chosen?
11. Bakery Products is considering the introduction of a new line of pastries. In order to produce the new line, the bakery is considering either a major or a minor renovation of its current plant. Bill Wicker, head of operations, has developed the following conditional values table: Alternatives Favorable Market Unfavorable Market Major renovation $100,000 -$90,000Minor renovation $40,000 -$20,000 Do nothing $0 $0 Assume that the probability of a favorable market is equal to the probability of an unfavorable market.Part 2a) Choose the appropriate decision tree showing payoffs and probabilities.A.MinorFavorable40,000Unfavorable-20,000UnfavorableFavorableMajor100,000-90,000Do…
A manager is quite concerned about the recent deterioration of a section of the roof on a building that houses her firm's computer operations. According to her assistant, there are three options which merit consideration: A, B, and C. Moreover, there are three possible future conditions that must be included in the analysis: I, which has a probability of occurrence of .5; II, which has a probability of .3; and III, which has a probability of .2.If condition I materializes, A will cost USD 12,000, B will cost USD 20,000, and C will cost USD 16,000. If condition II materializes, the costs will be USD 15,000 for A, USD 18,000 for B, and USD 14,000 for C. If condition III materializes, the costs will be USD 10,000 for A, USD 15,000 for B, and USD 19,000 for C._____ alternative will yield the most profit_____ is the profit for the said alternative
Harley, an ice-cream vendor, purchases each pint of ice-cream for $7 and sells for $20 each. At the end of the week, the unsold ice-cream can be salvaged for $2 each. From past experience, Harley has estimated the sales probabilities as below. What is the optimal number of pints Harley should purchase? Number of Ice-creams Sold, Probability 1 = 0.05, 2 = 0.1, 3 = 0.2 , 4 = 0.25, 5 = 0.15, 6 = 0.1, 7 = 0.08, 8 = 0.07
Cheryl Druehl Retailers, Inc., must decide whether to build a small or a large facility at a new location in Fairfax. Demand at the location will either be low or high, with probabilities 0.3 and 0.7,respectively. If Cheryl builds a small facility and demand proves to be high, she then has the option of expanding the facility. If a small facility is built and demand proves to be high, and then the retailer expands the facility, the payoff is $230,000. If a small facility is built and demand proves to be high, but Cheryl then decides not to expand the facility, the payoff is $203,000. If a small facility is built and demand proves to be low, then there is no option to expand and the payoff is $250,000. If a large facility is built and demand proves to be low, Cheryl then has the option of stimulating demand through local advertising. If she does not exercise this option, then the payoff is $40,000. If she does exercise the advertising option, then the response to…
Suppose we are considering the question of how much capacity to build in the face of uncertain demand. Assume that the cost is $20 per unit of lost sales due to insufficient capacity. Also assume that there is a cost of $7 for each unit of capacity built. The probability of various demand levels is as follows: Demand—X Units Probability of X 0 .05 1 .10 2 .15 3 .20 4 .20 5 .15 6 .10 7 .05 a. How many units of capacity should be built to minimize the total cost of providing capacity plus lost sales? b. State a…

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