A sample consisting of 1.5 mol CaCO3(s) was heated until it decomposed in a container fitted with a piston that was initially resting on the solid. If the work done during its complete decomposition is 10 kJ at P = 1.0 atm, calculate the temperature at which the sample was heated. Assume ideal gas behavior.

A sample consisting of 1.5 mol CaCO3(s) was heated until it decomposed in a container fitted with a piston that was initially resting on the solid. If the work done during its complete decomposition is 10 kJ at P = 1.0 atm, calculate the temperature at which the sample was heated. Assume ideal gas behavior.

Principles of Modern Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079113

Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Chapter12: Thermodynamic Processes And Thermochemistry

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 74AP

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When 1.000 g of ethylene glycol, C2H6O2, is burned at 25C and 1.00 atmosphere pressure, H2O(l) and CO2(g) are formed with the evolution of 19.18 kJ of heat. a Calculate the molar enthalpy of formation of ethylene glycol. (It will be necessary to use data from Appendix C.) b Gf of ethylene glycol is 322.5 kJ/mol. What is G for the combustion of 1 mol ethylene glycol? c What is S for the combustion of 1 mol ethylene glycol?
For the reaction BaCO3(s) BaO(s) + CO2(g), rG = +219.7 kJ/mol-rxn. Using this value and other data available in Appendix L, calculate the value of fG for BaCO3(s).
Define the standard enthalpy of formation. What are standard states for elements and for compounds? Using Hess's law, illustrate why the formula Hreaction=npHf(products)nfHf(reactants) works to calculate H for a reaction.
Coal is used as a fuel in some electric-generating plants. Coal is a complex material, but for simplicity we may consider it to be a form of carbon. The energy that can be derived from a fuel is sometimes compared with the enthalpy of the combustion reaction: C(s)+O2(g)CO2(g) Calculate the standard enthalpy change for this reaction at 25C. Actually, only a fraction of the heat from this reaction is available to produce electric energy. In electric generating plants, this reaction is used to generate heat for a steam engine, which turns the generator. Basically the steam engine is a type of heat engine in which steam enters the engine at high temperature (Th), work is done, and the steam then exits at a lower temperature (Tl). The maximum fraction, f, of heat available to produce useful energy depends on the difference between these temperatures (expressed in kelvins), f = (Th Tl)/Th. What is the maximum heat energy available for useful work from the combustion of 1.00 mol of C(s) to CO2(g)? (Assume the value of H calculated at 25C for the heat obtained in the generator.) It is possible to consider more efficient ways to obtain useful energy from a fuel. For example, methane can be burned in a fuel cell to generate electricity directly. The maximum useful energy obtained in these cases is the maximum work, which equals the free-energy change. Calculate the standard free-energy change for the combustion of 1.00 mol of C(s) to CO2(g). Compare this value with the maximum obtained with the heat engine described here.
Identify the sign of the work when a fuel-oxygen mixture (the system) burns, propelling an automobile (part of the surroundings).
When a rocket is launched, the burning gases are the source of the motion. If the system is the rocket (including fuel), what is the sign of the work?
Three gas-phase reactions were run in a constant-pressure piston apparatus as shown in the following illustration. For each reaction, give the balanced reaction and predict the sign of w (the work done) for the reaction. . If just the balanced reactions were given, how could you predict the sign of w for a reaction?
9.83 A student performing a calorimetry experiment combined 100.0 mL of 0.50 M HCl and 100.0 mL of 0.50 M NaOH in a coffee cup calorimeter. Both solutions were initially at 20.0°C, but when the two were mixed, the temperature rose to 23.2°C. (a) Suppose the experiment is repeated in the same calorimeter but this time using 200 mL of 0.50 M HCl and 200.0 mL of 0.50 M NaOH. Will the T observed he greater than, less than, or equal to that in the first experiment, and why? (b) Suppose that the experiment is repeated once again in the same calorimeter, this time using 100 mL of 1.00 M HCl and 100.0 mL of 1.00 M NaOH. Will the T observed he greater than, less than, or equal to that in the first experiment, and why?

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