a. Are comparative-cost conditions such that the two countries should specialize? If so, what product should each produce? b. What is the total gain in apparel and chemical output that would result from such specialization? c. What are the limits of the terms of trade? Suppose that the actual terms of trade are 1 unit of apparel for 1 unit of chemicals and 4 units of apparel for 6 units of chemicals. What are the gains from specialization and trade for each nation?
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- According to the open-economy macroeconomic model, import quotas increase which of the following O a. net exports and net capital outflow O b. net exports but not net capital outflow. O c. net capital outflow but not net exports. O d. neither net exports nor net capital outflow.Givenw: (1) two nations (1 and 2) which have the sametechnology but different factor endowments and tastes, (2)two commodities (X and Y) produced under increasingcosts conditions and (3) no transportation costs, tariffs orother obstructions to trade.Prove geometrically that mutually advantageous tradebetween the two nations is possible.Note: Your answer should show the autarky (no-trade) andfree-trade points of production and consumption for eachnation, show gains from trade of each nation and expressthe equilibrium condition that should prevail when trade Stop equilibrum4. Assume a two-country two-good two-input model. Let the countries in the model be Vietnam andMyanmar and the goods be shirts and natural gas. The two factors of production are labor and land.Further, Vietnam is labor-abundant and shirts production is labor-intensive. Suppose, in the absenceof trade, Vietnam operates at a point on its production-possibility curve where it produces andconsumes 20 units of shirts and 25 units of natural gas. Once it engages in free trade, the internationalprice of one unit of natural gas is .8 units of a shirt. In response to the opening of trade, Vietnammoves along its production-possibility curve to a new point where it produces 100 units of shirts and10 units of natural gas. Assume that with free trade, Vietnam chooses to consume 52 units of shirtsand chooses to trade all of its remaining surplus of shirts.a. Demonstrate the gains to trade for Vietnam.
- Assume that the comparative-cost ratios of two products— baby formula and tuna fish—are as follows in the nations of Canswicki and Tunata: Canswicki: 1 can baby formula ≡ 2 cans tuna fish Tunata: 1 can baby formula ≡ 4 cans tuna fishIn what product should each nation specialize? Which of the following terms of trade would be acceptable to both nations: (a) 1 can baby formula ≡ 2 1 2 cans tuna fish; (b) 1 can baby formula ≡ 1 can tuna fish; (c) 1 can baby formula ≡ 5 cans tuna fish?P1. Let’s assume there are only 2 countries that produce 2 good. More specifically, suppose that the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK) each have 2 units of productive resources, 1 used to produce Wine, the other Cloth. The US can produce 40 units of Wine with 1 unit of productive resources and 40 units of Cloth with 1 unit of productive resources. The UK can produce 20 units of Wine with 1 unit of productive resources and 10 units of cloth with 1 unit of productive resources. Using this information, please answer the questions below: 1. What are the gains from trade? 2. What is the “range” of potential exchange rates between US and UK?P1. Let’s assume there are only 2 countries that produce 2 good. More specifically, suppose that the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK) each have 2 units of productive resources, 1 used to produce Wine, the other Cloth. The US can produce 40 units of Wine with 1 unit of productive resources and 40 units of Cloth with 1 unit of productive resources. The UK can produce 20 units of Wine with 1 unit of productive resources and 10 units of cloth with 1 unit of productive resources. Using this information, please answer the questions below: *Who has an absolute advantage in the production of Wine? Cloth? *Who has a comparative advantage in the production of Wine? Cloth? *Given specialization, what is production before trade? After trade? *What are the gains from trade? *What is the “range” of potential exchange rates between US and UK? P2. Suppose that in Japan, without a tariff 10,000 cars will be sold per year at an equilibrium price of $20,000. With a $5,000 tariff,…
- 2. In the USA 1 unit of labor can produce 50 cars while in Canada 1 unit of labor can produce5 cars. The total amount of labor in each country is L = 100. Which one of these statements iscorrect?A. Canada has comparative advantage on the production of cars.B. The USA has comparative advantage on the production of cars.C. Since their production possibility frontiers are the similar neither country has comparativeadvantage on the production of cars.D. Not enough information to answer this question.Suppose that the opportunity cost ratio for apples and oranges is 1AE =30 in Germany but 10= 2A in Japan At which of the following international eschange ratios (terms of trade) with Gemany andJapan be willing to specialize and engage in trade with each otherO10=215AO 10= 1.25AO 10=0.25AO 10=0.15ASuppose that three volunteers are preparingcookies and cupcakes for a bake sale. Diana canmake 27 cookies or 18 cupcakes per hour; Andycan make 25 cookies or 17 cupcakes; and Sam canmake 10 cookies or 12 cupcakes. [ LO 2.2]a. Who has the absolute advantage at makingcookies?b. At making cupcakes?
- 5) Suppose that the United States has an absolute advantage over Mexico in producing both agriculturaland manufactured goods. In the U. S., the opportunity cost of 1 unit of agricultural output is 2 units ofmanufactured goods. In Mexico, the opportunity cost of 1 unit of agricultural output is 1.5 units ofmanufactured goods. Total production in the U. S. and Mexico will be maximized ifa. the U. S. specializes in both types of outputb. Mexico specializes in both types of outputc. the U. S. specializes in agricultural goods and Mexico specializes in manufacturedgoodsd. the U. S. specializes in manufactured goods and Mexico specializes in agriculturalgoodse. each country achieves self-sufficiency1.How do international economic relations differ from interregional economic relations?(b) In what way are they similar?2.How can we deduce that nations benefit from voluntarily engaging in international trade?3. Can you think of some ways by which a nationcan gain at the expense of other nations from traderestrictions? 4.Answer the following questions with reference toProblem 5.(a) What is the dollar price of wheat and cloth inthe United Kingdom if the exchange rate betweenthe pound and the dollar is £1 = $2? Would theUnited States be able to export wheat to the UnitedKingdom at this exchange rate? Would the UnitedKingdom be able to export cloth to the UnitedStates at this exchange rate?(b) What if the exchange rate between the dollarand the pound were £1 = $4?(c) What if the exchange rate were £1 = $1?(d) What is the range of exchange rates thatwill allow the United States to export wheat tothe United Kingdom and the United Kingdom toexport cloth to the United States. 5.(a)…Assume that the comparative-cost ratios of two products—baby formula and tuna fish—are as follows in the nations of Canswicki and Tunata: Canswicki: 1 can baby formula ≡ 5 cans tuna fish Tunata: 1 can baby formula ≡ 7 cans tuna fish a. In what product should each nation specialize? Canswicki should produce _____- , and Tunata should produce _____ b. Would the following terms of trade be acceptable to both nations? i. 1 can baby formula ≡ 4 cans tuna fish: yes or no ii. 1 can baby formula ≡ 8 cans tuna fish: yes or no iii. 1 can baby formula ≡ 5.5 cans tuna fish: yes or no