An infant was admitted to hospital for failure to thrive. It was discovered that the infant lacks the enzyme to metabolize long chain fatty acids, the major fuel in most mammals. Treatment included a diet rich in very short chain fatty acids, such as caproic acid (which is high in goat's milk and olive oil). How much ATP would you expect to gain from the complete oxidation of one molecule of caproic acid. (Caproic acid is a saturated fatty acid with 6 carbons). A) 36 B) 38 C) 40 OD) 42
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- The cholesterol synthesized by cells uses which component of the glycolytic pathway as a starting point? a. glucose b. acetyl CoA c. pyruvate d. carbon dioxideWhich of the following is the chemical end product of fatty-acids metabolized in the beta-oxidation pathway? Select one: a. Beta-carotine b. Free-radicals c. Lactic acid d. Acetyl-CoA e. PyruvateBetween two extremes. What is the role of a thioester in the formation of ATP in glycolysis?
- Assuming that the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is operative, a complete oxidation of five molecules of glucose (by a eukaryotic cell) into carbon dioxide and water would produce approximately _________ ATP molecules via oxidative phosphorylation only. (Consider NADH = 2.5 ATP and FADH2 = 1.5 ATP)High-energy electrons from glucose are usedto drive ATP synthesis in aerobic respiration. How did these electrons become so energetic?After glycolysis, the steps of aerobic respiration proceed from to to acetyl-CoA formation the citric acid cycle electron transfer phosphorylation
- Beta oxidation generates substrates for cellular respiration through which of the following processes? a. catabolism of proteins b. catabolism of fatty acids c. catabolism of glycogen d. catabolism of glucoseThe reason you breathe heavily while exercising is that your body is trying to take in oxygen to fuel aerobic respiration and generate enough ATP to replenish the ATP you use during exercise. If you are exercising vigorously, the need for ATP might be greater than the amount of oxygen you can inhale. In this situation, your body cells generate ATP through lactate fermentation. As you continue vigorous exercise, your muscles might begin to "burn," causing you to stop and rest. This burning sensation is the result of a chemical buildup in your muscle cells. Based on this information, which of the following chemicals likely causes pain in over-exercised muscles? A. Lactate B. NADH C. EthanolShow the first cycle of beta-oxidation of stearic acid. How many ATPs will be generated from the complete oxidation of this fatty acid?
- A new energy drink in stores contains no sugar, carbs or fat. It does, however, contain relatively high concentrations of B-vitamins (B-3, B-5, B-6, and B-12) which our digestive system does not break down. If our useable energy (ATP) is supplied by cellular respiration, where would the energy this products claims to provide come from?Pyruvic acid is a product of glycolysis, but it is not the substance that joins with the pickup molecule to enter the citric acid cycle. What is that substance?Cyanide binds to and blocks the action of cytochrome oxidase which is the last cytochrome in the electron transfer chain and is required for its normal function. When inhibited by cyanide all processes upstream in the cellular respiration process are inhibited. Given this information, what affect will cyanide poisoning have on human metabolic rate?