Assume that a hypothetical economy with an MPC of 0.8 is experiencing severe recession. 1) By how much would government spending have to increase to shift the aggregate demand curve rightward by $25 billion? How large a tax cut would be needed to achieve this same increase in aggregate demand? Why the difference? Money Multiplier (K) : 1 1-MPC Total Change in Spending = multiplier × new spending injection

Assume that a hypothetical economy with an MPC of 0.8 is experiencing severe recession. 1) By how much would government spending have to increase to shift the aggregate demand curve rightward by $25 billion? How large a tax cut would be needed to achieve this same increase in aggregate demand? Why the difference? Money Multiplier (K) : 1 1-MPC Total Change in Spending = multiplier × new spending injection

Exploring Economics

8th Edition

ISBN:9781544336329

Author:Robert L. Sexton

Publisher:Robert L. Sexton

Chapter24: Fiscal Policy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3P

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What is the main advantage of automatic stabilizers over discretionary fiscal policy?
Why is spending by the U.S. government on scientific research at NASA fiscal policy while spending by the University of Illinois is not fiscal policy? Why is a cut in the payroll tax fiscal policy whereas a cut in a state income tax is not fiscal policy?
a) What are the three fiscal policy tools and how would each be used to counter a contractionary gap? b) True or False and explain: Fiscal Policy is effective at reducing the duration of an economic contraction. c) If the spending multiplier is 2.5 and the economy is in a $500 billion contractionary gap, how much should I increase government purchases to eliminate the gap? d) Continuing with c, if the MPC is 0.8, how much would I need to increase transfer payments to eliminate the $500 billion contractionary gap? e) True or False and explain: Households always react to tax changes in a predictable manner. Module 6: Deficits and the Debt. a) Distinguish between deficit and debt. b) Explain what crowding out is and why it reduces the impact of fiscal stimulus. c) True or false and explain: The national debt represents a threat of bankruptcy. (For d and e) Suppose the interest on the debt was $600 billion. If interest is paid domestically, 90% will be spent domestically (the remainder is…
a) Suppose that there are no crowding-out effects and the MPC is 0.8. By how much must the government increase expenditures shift the aggregate-demand curve right $10 billion? b. The model of Long-run Growth, proposes that fiscal policy can have lasting effects on savings, investment, and economic growth. On the other hand, the model of Aggregate Demand-Aggregate Supply suggests that the only long run effect of fiscal policy is an increase in the price level. How could you use the Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply model for a more accurate description of the short-run and long-run effects of an increase in government spending? Could you distinguish between different uses of government expenditures to predict their effects on prices and output?
1.Gomad is a small economy operating with output that is $40 million below its natural level. Assume there is no crowding-out effect and the price level is completely fixed in the short run, how much government spending does the fiscal policymakers need to change to close this recessionary gap if MPC is 0.8?
Given MPC (marginal propensity to consume) = 0.75, if the government implements an expansionary fiscal policy as (1) cutting taxes by $10 billion, then by how much would total spending increase over an infinite period? (2) spending $10 billion, then by how much would total spending increase over an infinite period?
1.Explain the concept of Automatic stabilizer, using the tax system as an example.2.Gomad is a small economy operating with output that is $40 million below its natural level. Assume there is no crowding-out effect and the price level is completely fixed in the short run, how much government spending does the fiscal policymakers need to change to close this recessionary gap if MPC is 0.8?3.Consider an economy described by the following equation:Y=C+Ig+G C=300+0.75(Y−T) Ig=700−12r G=250T=200where Y is the real GDP, C is the total consumption, Ig is the gross investment, G is thegovernment purchases, T is income taxes, and r is the real interest rate. Suppose r is real interest rate(in percent) = 10% 3.1 If income is equal to zero, what would be the level of consumption in this economy?
You are studying an economy with an income tax rate, t1, of 32%and an MPS of 0.3. It is currently suffering from a “recessionary gap” of $500 m. (i.e., Eqm Y<Y full employment, FE, aka Yn). Make the necessary calculations for the topolicythat it should institute; who does what? Provide the full name of this policy. Compare this economy to one without income taxes to explain the term “automatic stabilizer.”[Hint: Let I change and compare the I multipliers in each of these economies.] \
No written by hand solution a) Use the AS-AD model to describe the crowding-out effect of private investment occurring when the government decides to decrease taxation (T). Your analysis should include the AS-AD, IS-LM, and the money market graph. b) Assume that the government asked you to estimate how the above reduction in taxes will affect the income/GDP in the economy. How would you answer? (Hint: Mention and discuss not only graphs, but also the formula of the multiplier, and whether the multiplier is an accurate measure
Illustrate and describe the effects of an expansionary fiscal policy action with a flex ER and NFM (a = 0) using the IS-LM-BP model. (show graph)
1. Fiscal Policya. Assume the Economy has an inflationary gap with above average price level, demonstrate this graphically and explain label the short run gdp with A.b. If the US has an MPC of 75% and the government decides to increase spending on social programs by $150 billion, what will happen to GDP (Y) and Price level (P) in the Short Run? Demonstrate and Explain. Label this point B.c. What Fiscal Policy should the Government implement (why?)? What Choices do they have? What will be the effects of this policy on the GDP? Demonstrate and Fully explain (hint: explain the steps as outlined in class)