Assume that consumers view tax preparation services as undifferentiated among producers, and that there are hundreds of companies offering tax preparation in a given market. The current market equilibrium price is $170. Joe Audit’s Tax Service has a daily, short-run total cost given by TC = 1000 + 4Q2 + 10Q with marginal cost MC = 8Q + 10. How much will he earn in profit, found by total revenue minus total cost, each day?
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Assume that consumers view tax preparation services as undifferentiated among producers, and that there are hundreds of companies offering tax preparation in a given market. The current
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- You are the manager of a firm that competes against four other firms by bidding for government contracts. While you believe your product is better than the competition’s, the government purchasing agent views the products as identical and purchases from the firm offering the best price. Total government demand is Q = 1,000 − 5P, and all five firms produce at a constant marginal cost of $60. For security reasons, the government has imposed restrictions that permit a maximum of five firms to compete in this market; thus, entry by new firms is prohibited. A member of Congress is concerned because no restrictions have been placed on the price that the government pays for this product. In response, she has proposed legislation that would award each existing firm 20 percent of a contract for 625 units at a contracted price of $75 per unit. Would you support or oppose this legislation? ExplainPharmaceutical Benefits Managers (PBMs) are intermediaries between upstream drug manufacturers and downstream insurance companies. They design formularies (lists of drugs that insurance will cover) and negotiate prices with drug companies. PBMs want a wider variety of drugs available to their insured populations, but at low prices. Suppose that a PBM is negotiating with the makers of two non-drowsy allergy drugs, Claritin and Allegra, for inclusion on the formulary. The “value” or “surplus” created by including one non-drowsy allergy drug on the formulary is $80 million, but the value of adding a second drug is only $24 million. Assume the PBM bargains by telling each drug company that it's going to reach an agreement with the other drug company. Under the non-strategic view of bargaining, the PBM would earn a surplus of_____million, while each drug company would earn a surplus of ________million. Now suppose the two drug companies merge. What is the likely post merger bargaining…Suppose the inverse demand curve on ore is given by P = 96 - 0.72 Q. Ore can be either mined or obtained through a recycling program. The marginal cost of mining is MC1 = 7 q1. The marginal cost of obtaining ore through recycling is MC2 = 18 + 4 q2. What percent of total demand is satisfied by recycled ore (express your answer in percentage, i.e., if the answer is 45.34% then enter 45.34)?
- Moe Green estimates the cost of future projects for a large contracting firm. Mr. Green uses precisely the same techniques to estimate the costs of every potential job, and formulates bids by adding a standard profit markup. For some companies to whom the firm offers its services, no competitors exist, so they are almost certain to get them as clients. For these jobs, Mr. Green finds that his cost estimates are right, on average. For jobs where competitors are also vying for the business, Mr. Green finds that they almost always end up costing more than he estimates. Why does this occur?Fred wants to hire Barney to manage his retail store. Barney can apply a high level of effort (at a cost to him of $30), a medium level of effort (at a cost to him of $10), or a low level of effort (at a cost to him of $0). Fred's profits depend not only of the level of Barney's effort but also on the state of consumer demand. Fred believes that demand will be high with probability 50 percent (and therefore demand will be low with probability 50 percent). Fred has determined the following possible profit levels (before paying Barney) will occur depending on Barney's effort and the state of consumer demand: Demand low high effort low 20 40 medium 40 80 high 80 100 Of the choices below, what is the largest percentage range of profit provided to Barney that would ensure Barney would supply high effort? a. any percent greater than 75.00 percent (3/4). b. any percent greater than 66.66 percent (2/3). c. any percent greater than 50.00 percent (1/2).d. any…You are a self-employed accountant who owns Budget Tax Prep, which specializes in tax preparation services. There are many competitors in your industry who offer a similar service, but quality of service varies among competitors. Entry into this industry is relatively easy. Your company's daily demand curve and cost functions, including your own opportunity costs, are currently (with Q being number of tax returns processed per day): Demand: P(Q) = 100 - 4Q Total Fixed Costs: TFC = 60 Total Variable Costs: TVC(Q) = (8.5)Q2 Marginal Costs: MC(Q) = 17Q A. Find your company's profit maximizing output and price using any method you wish. B. Calculate the level of total profit or loss per period that would accrue to the firm under the output and price determined in (a). C. What might happen to your profits over time, given the characteristics of your market described above.
- In terms of reputation for quality, imagine that we have a firm that can produce a good at any quality level in the interval [0, 1], where 0 means a good of low quality, and 1 means a good of exceptionally high quality. Demand for the good depends on consumer perceptions of the good's quality. If consumers anticipate that the good is of quality q, their demand is given by · P. = 4 + 6q - X, where X is the quantity demanded. Costs of manufacture depend on the quality level of the good being produced; it costs a constant marginal 2 + 6q2 to produce a unit of quality level q. Consider the repeated setting described in section 14.5: In each period, the firm chooses a quality level and price. Consumers see the price but not (until after they have bought) the quality level. But consumers do know the level of qualities the firm has produced previously. Assume the firm discounts profits with a discount factor a = .9. For which levels of quality q is there a viable reputational…Suppose that there are two fancy hotels on the online booking platform, say W hotel and Ritz Carlton hotel. Each hotel has the capacity of 20 rooms on the New Year Eve. There are 20 families who are planning to stay at Bay Areas. Suppose that you are the manager and you set the price to maximize the hotel profit. The marginal cost of each hotel room = 500 RMB The largest valuation on the hotel room = 2000 RMB valuation decrease by 100RMS. In total, there are 20 families. Discuss with your peers how many rooms you will offer in the market.Pharmaceutical Benefits Managers (PBMs) are intermediaries between upstream drug manufacturers and downstream insurance companies. They design formularies (lists of drugs that insurance will cover) and negotiate prices with drug companies. PBMs want a wider variety of drugs available to their insured populations, but at low prices. Suppose that a PBM is negotiating with the makers of two nondrowsy allergy drugs, Claritin and Allegra, for inclusion on the formulary. The “value” or “surplus” created by including one nondrowsy allergy drug on the formulary is $80 million, but the value of adding a second drug is only $24 million. Assume the PBM bargains by telling each drug company that it's going to reach an agreement with the other drug company. Under the non-strategic view of bargaining, the PBM would earn a surplus of _____________ million, while each drug company would earn a surplus of _______________ million. Now suppose the two drug companies merge. What is the…
- Two firms sell an identical product in a market by setting prices simultaneously. Consumers buy from the firm that offers the lower price; if the prices are identical, the firms split the demand. If ? is the lowest price (in dollars), aggregate demand is ? = 250 − ?. Suppose prices can only be set in increments of 1 cent. (a) Suppose Firm 1 and Firm 2 have limited production capacities of 40 units each. The marginal cost of firm 1 is $35 and the marginal cost of firm 2 is $25. If Firm 1 believes that Firm 2 will set a price of $30, what price should Firm 1 set? Show your work. (Assume efficient rationing while calculating firm’s residual demand.) (b) Ignore the information in part (a). Suppose each firm has unlimited capacity, but that the marginal costs of Firm 1 and Firm 2 are $40 and $150 respectively. Do ?1 = 149.99 and ?2 = 150 satisfy the requirements of a Nash equilibrium? Explain why. You must explain why a strategy is a best response or not to the other strategy.You are an assistant to a senator who chairs an ad hoc committee on reforming taxes on telecommunication services. Based on your research, AT&T has spent over $15 million on related paperwork and compliance costs. Moreover, depending on the locale, telecom taxes can amount to as much as 25 percent of a consumer’s phone bill. These high tax rates on telecom services have become quite controversial, due to the fact that the deregulation of the telecom industry has led to a highly competitive market. Your best estimates indicate that, based on current tax rates, the monthly market demand for telecommunication services is given by Qd = 300 − 4P and the market supply (including taxes) is Qs = 3P − 120 (both in millions), where P is the monthly price of telecommunication services. The senator is considering tax reform that would dramatically cut tax rates, leading to a supply function under the new tax policy of Qs = 3.2P − 120. How much money per unit would a typical consumer save each…You are an assistant to a senator who chairs an ad hoc committee on reforming taxes on telecommunication services. Based on your research, AT&T has spent over $15 million on related paperwork and compliance costs. Moreover, depending on the locale, telecom taxes can amount to as much as 25 percent of a consumer’s phone bill. These high tax rates on telecom services have become quite controversial, due to the fact that the deregulation of the telecom industry has led to a highly competitive market. Your best estimates indicate that, based on current tax rates, the monthly market demand for telecommunication services is given by Qd = 300 - 4P and the market supply (including taxes) is QS = 3P - 120 (both in millions), where P is the monthly price of the telecommunication services.The senator is considering tax reform that would dramatically cut tax rates, leading to a supply function under the new tax policy of QS = 3.3P - 120. How much money per unit would a typical consumer save…
