Assume the following: Aggregate Expenditures (AE) = $2,500 • National Income (Y) = $1,500 • Consumption (C) = $150+ 0.9(Y – T) • Investment (1) = $500 • Government (G) = $800 • Exports (X) = $600 AY 0.10X
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- Consider an economy similar to that in the preceding question in which investment is also $200, government purchases are also $500, net exports are also $30, and the price level is also fixed. But taxes now vary with income and, as a result, the consumption schedule looks like the following: GDP Taxes DI C $1,360 $320 $1,040 $810 1,480 360 1,120 870 1,600 400 1,200 930 1,720 440 1,280 990 1,840 480 1,360 1,050 Find the equilibrium graphically. What is the marginal propensity to consume? What is the tax rate? Use your diagram to show the effect of a decrease of $60 in government purchases. What is the multiplier? Compare this answer to your answer to Test Yourself Question 1. What do you conclude? GDP…(a) Assume that Gross Domestic Product (GDP)/Total output (Y) is 6,000. Consumption (C) is given by the equation C = 600 + 0.6(Y – T) where T is the tax. Investment (I) is given by the equation I = 2,000 – 100r, where r is the real rate of interest, in percent. Taxes (T) are 500, and government spending (G) is also 500. What are the equilibrium values of C, I, and r?in 2019 fiscal year estimated that Ghanaians saved 20 percent of their disposable income; however, due to overconsumption in the previous year, autonomous saving for 2019 was negative 100 million Ghana cedis. The government of Ghana imposed a lump sum tax of Gh ₡ 20 million. In addition to the lump sum tax the government also took 20 percent of all incomesearned in the economy in the form of proportional tax. The total government expenditure was GH ₡50 million in 2019. Total investment recorded for 2019 was 66 million. (A) Determine the tax function for this economy, derive the consumption function based on the above information and write out the aggregate demand equation (b) Determine the equilibrium consumption and calculate the value of the government expenditure multiplier for this economy and interpret your result (c) Calculate the total tax revenue to the government
- 21) Assume that with existing tax and spending laws, government spending exceeds government tax revenues. To cover the resulting shortfall, the government must: A) increase consumers' incomes. B) print more money. C) Borrow money in the financial markets. D) lower interest rates. 22) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is defined as the market value of: A) all goods and services sold during the year by domestic and foreign producers. B) all final consumer goods produced during the year by domestic and foreign suppliers. C) all intermediate goods produced during the year by domestic and foreign suppliers. D) all final goods and services produced within the boundaries of an economy during the year by domestic and foreign-supplied resources. 23) In the equation GDP = C + I + G + F, in which F equals net export spending (i.e., total spending on exports minus total spending on imports), imports are subtracted from the other types of expenditures because: A)…What is the distinction between government purchases and transfer payments? What is the relative importance of these two types of expenditures in total government expenditures expressed as a per cent of GDP? Why are some government purchases necessary to administer transfer payments by the government?Y=C0+C1(Y-T)+I+G, C0=100 dollars, C1=0.8 (1) Suppose that tax collection (t) increases as much as 200 dollars. What would be its effect on national income? (2) Suppose that government expenditure (G) and tax collection (T) increases as much as 200 dollars, respectively. What would be its effect on national income?
- Year Government Purchases Government Taxes Real GDP 1 340 268 5,926 2 419 226 5,792 Suppose there is no public debt before Year 1 and that net transfers are equal to zero. What is the public debt as a percentage of GDP in Year 2? Answer this as a percentage and round your answer to two digits after the decimal without the percentage sign. ex. If you found the rate to be 5.125%, answer 5.13.Assuming you are the Minister of Finance and Economic Planning for Nigeria, in charge of Fiscal Policy. The Research Director of the Ministry brought you the following data on Nigeria’s for the previous fiscal year, 2021. An examination of the data reveals that, during the fiscal year 2021, households in Nigeria saved 20% of their disposable income (Yd) and spent the rest on consumption. In addition, ₦5,000.00 was spent on Consumption expenditure (C), which is independent of income and Gross Private Investment (I) was ₦ 7,000.00. Total Government expenditure (G) which stood at ₦8,000.00 was supposed to be financed by a lump sum tax of ₦2,000.00 (independent of income) and a proportional tax rate of 25% of national income. Exports (X) stood at ₦2,500.00. In addition, the country’s import (M) during the previous fiscal year comprises of ₦1,000.00 which was independent of the country’s national income and 10% which was dependent of the country’s national income. Given these data on…MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS1. Which of the following is a category of fiscal policy?A) government policies regarding transfer payments and welfare benefitsB) government policies regarding the purchase of goods and servicesC) government policies regarding taxationD) all of the above2. Which of the following is CORRECT regarding tax revenues?A) they do not change with changes in the tax rateB) they increase during recessionsC) they are the only revenue source in the government's budgetD) they decrease during economic slowdowns3. Disposable incomeA) decreases when income decreases.B) decreases when net taxes decrease.C) increases when saving decreases.D) all of the above4. Planned aggregate expenditure increases when ________ in the income-expenditure model.A) the government sector is excludedB) consumption is excludedC) the government sector is includedD) investment is excluded5. If output is greater than planned aggregate expenditure, there will beA) no change in inventories.B) a planned…
- If a tax rate of 1/3 of national income were introduced, what would be the new equilibrium level of national income in the economy outlined above. Show all your workings and explain the mechanisms through which the economy reaches the new equilibrium.1. The difference between what a government spends and what it collects in taxes in a year is Group of answer choices the government budget deficit or surplus. the government debt. net revenue. net taxes. 2. The aggregate consumption function is C = 100 + 0.6Yd. If income is $1,000 and net taxes are $300, consumption equals Group of answer choices 800. 580. 700. 520.The table below shows hypothectical figures of revenue and spending for the Canadian government. For simplicity, assume that all of the spending grants to other levels of government were spent in Canada on goods and services. Federal Government's Budget Plan for Fiscal Year ($billion) REVENUES OUTLAYS Personal income taxes $100 Transfers to persons $46 Corporate income taxes 34 Spending grants to other levels of government 38 Other income taxes 7 Public debt charges 35 GST and excise taxes 47 Direct program spending 95 EI premiums 14 Total Outlays 214 Other revenues 18 Projected Budget Plan Surplus 6 Total Revenues 220 a. The projected NTR in this budget plan is $ billion. b. The value of NTR less government spending on goods and services (G) is $ billion. Round your answers to 1 decimal place. c. The percentage of total revenue made up by personal income taxes is %. d. The percentage of total revenue…