Assuming that the resting physiological cytoplasmic and extracellular concentrations of Ca2+ (Ca2+o=1 mM, Ca2+i=0.0001 mM ), Determine the Ca2+ equilibrium potential (VCa)
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Assuming that the resting physiological cytoplasmic and extracellular concentrations of Ca2+ (Ca2+o=1 mM, Ca2+i=0.0001 mM ),
Determine the Ca2+ equilibrium potential (VCa)
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- Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)If: membrane potential=-70mV, ENa=+60mV, and Ex=-90mV, consider which directions Na+ and K+ will leak across the membrane. If both ions are crossing the membrane, what is the most important factor in determining whether membrane potential will become more positive or more negative?Calculate the free energy of transport for the movement of potassium by the sodium/potassium pump under normal physiological conditions: 4 mM serum potassium, 135 mM intracellular potassium, 37.1 °C, and resting potential -82 mV. Express your answer in kJ/mol. Show all work. Calculate the free energy of transport for the movement of potassium by the sodium/potassium pump under disturbed conditions of 2 mM serum potassium. Assume all other parameters remain the same. Express your answer in kJ/mol. Show all work. What factors could limit the continued action of the sodium/potassium pump when only 2 mM potassium is present in the blood plasma? Note that under normal physiological conditions, the cell interior contains 11 mM sodium and the blood contains 140 mM sodium.
- At the peak of the action potential, Vm is approximately -65 mV. Assuming normal intracellular and extracellular K+ concentrations (refer to the table), (1) calculate the driving force (in mV) that acts on K+ ions and (2) use the information obtained in part 1 to determine the direction in which K+ ions will flow (i.e., into the cell or out of cell)37.Given an intracellular concentration of 120mM and an extracellular concentration of 15mM, calculate the Nernst Equilibrium Potential for K+ in mV 38 Given an intracellular concentration of 2mM and an extracellular concentration of 107mM, calculate the Nernst Equilibrium Potential for Cl- in mV 39 A cell has an actual membrane potential (Em) at rest of -75mV. The equilibrium potential for Na+ is +120mV and the equilibrium potential for K+ is -95mV. Calculate the net driving force for Na+ in mV.Assume that in a neuron, the plasma membrane permeability values for potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), and Cl− are the following: PK = 1, PNa = 12, and PCl = 0.5. Based on physiological concentrations of K+, Na+, and Cl− (refer to the table), determine the membrane potential in this neuron.
- If a particular neuron has an intracellular Chloride concentration of 154.3 mM, an extracellular Chloride concentration of 163.2 mM, and a membrane potential of -54.1, what is the net driving force (in mV) acting upon Chloride?when calculating the Resting membrance potential using the goldman equation it is usally out, out , in / in, in, out. the cl- is switched so does that mean that when writing the in and out cellular concentartion should we still add negative sign in front of the value or since it is flipped we shouldnt?.Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 ∘C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.50M on the "right side" and 0.08 M on the "left side", given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (−). (a)Membrane permeable only to Na+.
- What is the equilibrium membrane potential due to Na+ ions if the extracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 154 mM and the intracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 23 mM at 20 ∘C ?In excitable cells, such as neurons, K+ is held at a much higher concentration inside the cell than outside. Which of the following would hold K+ at this concentration?i. Write an equation balancing the electrical potential and chemical potential for 3 Na+ and 1 Ca2+. Note that NCX is an antiporter, whereas SGLT1 is a symporter, thus the maximal electrochemical gradient of Ca2+ will be opposite that of glucose. ii. Rearrange this equation in to give intra-cellular Ca2+ as a function of extra-cellular Ca2+, intra-cellular and extra-cellular Na+, resting membrane potential. You should note the equation and substitution below. iii. Use the values below for extra-cellular Ca2+, intra-cellular and extra-cellular Na+, resting membrane potential to calculate intra-cellular Ca2+. Extracellular Na+ concentration is 140mM, intracellular Na+ concentration is 12mM, extracellularCa2+ concentration 2.5mM, and the resting membrane potential is -65mV.