(a)The signal retrieved in an optical fiber reduces at its output to one-tenth of its input power. What is the overall attenuation? What shall be the power at output in a fiber having loss3 db/km? (b)Explain why laser action cannot occur without population inversion between atomic levels?

(a)The signal retrieved in an optical fiber reduces at its output to one-tenth of its input power. What is the overall attenuation? What shall be the power at output in a fiber having loss3 db/km? (b)Explain why laser action cannot occur without population inversion between atomic levels?

University Physics Volume 3

17th Edition

ISBN:9781938168185

Author:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny

Publisher:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny

Chapter7: Quantum Mechanics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 90CP: In STM, an elevation of the tip above the surface being scanned can be determined with a great...

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: Q.2] A silicon p-i-n photodiode with an area of 1.5 mm? is to be used in conjunction with a load…

Q: When operating an AFM in contact mode, the feedback loop of an atomic force microscope works to…

A: An atomic Force Microscope (AFM) in contact mode, the feedback loop of atomic force works to…

Q: For a cavity with mirrors having re:flectivities of 98%, what would the minimum gain need to be in…

A: Ans:- Image-1 Given data:Reflectivities R=98% or 0.98Amplifier length L=0.1 mmirror seperation d=0.3…

Q: Using Bragg’s law, calculate the diffraction angles (2θ) for all the peaks in thediffraction pattern…

A: Write the relation of the atomic radius (r) and lattice parameter (a) for FCC and plug 0.143 nm for…

Q: by y Cxst) fotential Vcx wave functian deserbing aParticle is qixen - Sin () -i wt 7Xx4 fined the…

Q: Repeat the previous example assuming that the modulating signal is given by: 0 <t< 2 * 10-3 2 * 10-3…

A: what we have to do? and where is previous question? please define question clearly

Q: Pulsed lasers used for science and medicine producevery brief bursts of electromagnetic energy. If…

A: wavelength =1062 nm time, t = 34 x 10-12 s

Q: Suppose that an STM scans a surface at a distance of a = 1.500 nm. Take the height of the…

A: As we know that the potential energy is inversely proportional to the distance by the following…

Q: If the reflectivity coefficient of the laser mirrors is (0.999 & 0.95) and the sum of the losses for…

Q: Using the physics terms and expressions show that the efficiency of half wave rectifier is given by…

Q: If the gain of the effective medium in a laser is (1.05), its mirror reflectivity coefficient (0.999…

Q: each pulse produced by an argon-fluoride excimer laser used in PRK and LASIK ophthalmic surgery…

A: Power = Energy/time

Q: Ql- A Nd:YAG rod, 6 mm in diameter, 7.5 cm long, with 1 atom.% Nd, is cw pumped by a high pressure…

Q: A crystal sample of bacteriorhodpsin, a light-sensitive protein found in halobacteria that responds…

A: The expression for the Bragg diffraction for the maximum is as follows: 2dsinθ=nλ…

Q: When a powerful laser is employed in the Earth's atmosphere, the accompanying electric field may…

A: CONCEPT:

Q: IN A LASER STRUCTURE, THE EXISTENCE OF STANDING WAVES IS POSSIBLE AT FREQUENCIES FOR WHICH THE…

A: for standing waves L=nλ2 where n = 1,2, 3 ... etc

Q: Show that the hydrostatic equation and gradient Richardson number are dimentionless.

A: The hydrostatic equation is Here, P is the pressure, is the specific weight, z is the elevation…

Q: A uniform linear broadside array of 4 elements are placed along the z-axis each a distance d apart.…

Q: y Each pulse produced by an argon–fluorideexcimer laser used in PRK and LASIK ophthalmic surgery…

A: The power produced during each pulse can be obtained as

Q: Proved that s +tanz-sedz

Q: For a BJT , if the Q-point was at the upper part of the load-line with normal 2 sources bias; if IB…

Q: What is the free space path loss in dB over 20 meters at the 2.4 GHz band, and how does the dB…

A: Given data, Distance in km D=20 m or 0.08 km

Q: Calculate the coherence length for CO2 laser whose line width is 10-5 nm at IR emission wavelength…

A: (given) Line width of CO2 laser = 10-5 nm = 10-5×10-9 m =10-14m Emission wavelength = 10.6 μm =…

Q: A three-level laser emits a light of wavelength of 5500 Å. What will be the ratio of population of…

A: The ratio of population of the two states can be written as N2N1=e-ΔEkT…

Q: A Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm. Its active medium is a cylindrical solid of…

Q: Discuss the interference pattern of two separate but identical laser sources?

A: Laser sources release photons & beam coming from each of laser source can pass through a…

Q: Each pulse produced by an argon–fluorideexcimer laser used in PRK and LASIK ophthalmic surgery lasts…

A: Given: The time taken is t=10 ns. The energy delivers is E=2.50 mJ. Part (a) The expression for…

Q: In the octatetra ae (Ca H10) mole cule, 7 electro ne is Prom the top filled level, what should be…

Q: Calculate vakio of Fmal to imidial if 12 dB? Can Xeduce intersity of level to eas plag Wave

Q: EQ1 show thot the force F-ljz6x)L4 (2x92) 2. Cons ervative,hence find the Patenial function..

Q: A certain radio link via a Rayleigh type fading medium incorporates four- fold selection diversity…

A: Given: A radio link via Rayleigh type fading medium is used. Selection diversity = 4 fold…

Q: Q I/A voice signal with maximum frequency of 3kHz, is to be transmitted using sampling frequency fs=…

A: The data given in the question is as follows: fm=3 kHzfs=8 kHzτ=0.1 Tstr=0.01τ The aim here is to…

Q: For an 8-PSK modulator with an input data rate (f) equal to 20 Mbps and a carrier frequency of 100…

Q: Some neodymium–glass lasers can provide 100 TW of power in 1.0 ns pulses at a wavelength of 0.26 mm.…

Q: The characteristic K, and K, lines for titanium have wavelengths of 0.275 nm and 0.251 nm,…

A: The answer to the given problem is as follows.

Q: A laser whose wavelength is 1.06 µm has an effective output aperture diameter of 1.65 mm. Where are…

Q: The mirrors in the laser , which are separated by 8.0 cm, form an optical cavity in which standing…

A: For the nth harmonic of a standing wave of wavelength λ in the cavity of width L, Let, Δn=±1. Now,

Q: A mode-locked laser has a Gaussian pulse width of 100fs. If the center wavelength is 800nm what is…

Q: The first - order diffraction maximum is observed at 12.6° for a crystal having an interplanar…

Q: late the coherence length for CO2 laser whose line width is 10^−5nm at IR emission

A: Given: Line width =10-5 nm Wavelength, λ=10.6 μm

Q: Calculate the separation of the longitudinal modes of a GaAs laser, when the length of the laser is…

Q: Find the ratio of population in the higher energy state with respect to that in the lower energy…

Q: Design a symmetrical CMOS reference inverter to provide a delay of 1.5 ns when driving a 12-pF load.…

Concept explainers

Debye Theory of Solids

In solid-state physics, debye theory is used to estimate the phonons contributing to the specific heat capacity in a solid. It explains that the specific heat is a consequence of the vibrations of the atomic lattice of the solid, which is in contrast to the Einstein model. In the Einstein model, solids are treated as independent, non-interacting quantum harmonic oscillators. This model clearly explains the low-temperature dependence of the heat capacity, which is proportional to T3. This is known as Debye T3 law.

Question

Q. (a)The signal retrieved in an optical fiber reduces at its output to one-tenth of its input power. What is the overall attenuation? What shall be the power at output in a fiber having loss3 db/km? (b)Explain why laser action cannot occur without population inversion between atomic levels?

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps with 2 images

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

It is stated without proof with respect to Bragg’s law that when the atoms are not sym- metrically disposed to the incident and reflected beams (Fig. 8.3(b)), the path difference (AB + BC) = 2dhkl sin θ . Prove, using very simple geometry, that this is indeed the case.
if i had a d-spacing of 0.82nm, 0.47nm for a biological hydroxyapatite and i want to find the miller indices without going through bragg law, how can i do it?
X-rays with wavelengths of 128 pm was used to study a crystal which produced a reflection of 15.8 degrees. Assuming first order diffraction (n = 1), what is the distance between the planes of atoms (d)?
What is the thickness of a single layer of Magnesium Fluoride of index n=1.3 when used as an AR coating in the visible?
Calculate the energy of the E&M waves that are emitted by the green LED laser in problem #8, i,e., with wavelength λλ = 520 nm. and express the answer in electron volts (eV).
When a powerful laser is employed in the Earth's atmosphere, the accompanying electric field may ionize the air, transforming it into a plasma that reflects the laser light. Electric breakdown occurs in dry air at 0°C and 1 atm when field amplitudes above around 3:00 Mv/m a). At this maximum intensity, how much Power can a cylindrical beam with a diameter of 4.03 mm deliver? Note Answer must be in W.
In STM, an elevation of the tip above the surface being scanned can be determined with a great precision, because the tunneling-electron current between surface atoms and the atoms of the tip is extremely sensitive to the variation of the separation gap between them from point to point along the surface. Assuming that the tunneling-electron current is in direct proportion to the tunneling probability and that the tunneling probability is to a gotxi approximation expressed by the exponential function e2L with =10.0/nm , determine the ratio of the tunneling current when the tip is 0.500 nm above the surface to the current when the tip is 0.515 nm above the surface.
Calculate the coherence length for CO2 laser whose line width is 10^−5nm at IR emission wavelength of 10.6 μm.
Consider scattering with electrons of 54 eV on a crystal with planes separated by 0.22 nm. How many diffraction peaks should be expected? Justify your answer
Pulsed lasers used for science and medicine producevery brief bursts of electromagnetic energy. If the laserlight wavelength is 1062 nm (Neodymium–YAG laser), andthe pulse lasts for 34 picoseconds, how many wavelengthsare found within the laser pulse? How brief would the pulseneed to be to fit only one wavelength?
Using partial derivatives, calculate the propagated uncertainty in the mass in the following case: given the centripetal force Fc = (20.0 ± 0.5) N, the angular velocity w = (29.2 ± 0.3) rad/s, and the radius R = (0.12 ± 0.01) m get the mass value,m = Fc / (w2R). Express the result in the form m = m + Δm ANSWER IS 0.20 +- 0.03 KGAS SAID, USE UNCERTAINTY PROPAGATION SHOWN IN THE IMAGE
Q. Application of laser with special emphasis on holography?