b) Align the following sequences (don't just retype). i. ATTGCAGGAT ii. ATTGCTGAAT iii. ACGCTGAAT iv. ATTGCAGAAT v. ATCGCTGAAT c) Construct a detailed evolutionary tree for the above sequences using "i" as the outgroup.
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- Please help with the following: ______________ can be used to determine the last common ancestor shared by two divergent species. A. Y-chromosome analysis B. VNTR analysis C. Rudolph's admixture hypothesis D. mtDNA analysis E. whole DNA sequencingYou compare two strands of mtDNA and discover that there are 3 differences in base pairs between them. Assuming that the mutation rate for the species that you are examining is 1 mutation every 20,000 years, how long ago did the two strands share a common ancestor? Write your answer in xxx,xxx format. These two strands shared a common ancestor _____________ years ago.Would a protein encoded on the core genome or one encoded only on the pan-genome be best to use in constructing a phylogenetic tree? Explain your answer
- There 27 sequences from 27 individuals belonging to an unidentified group of organisms. Eleven (11) sequences were mined from NCBI while the rest are unpublished sequences from Mindanao. Sequences labeled with "SSL" are from Agusan Marsh while sequences labeled with "CKL/CITLR" and "CWL" are from Camiguin Island and Dinagat Islands respectively. Finally, sequences labeled with "MSLA" are from Mt. Magdiwata. (a) What species is considered as the outgroup? (b) What genetic marker is utilized to generate the sequences? (c) Which specimen group is more closely related to "SSL"? CKL or MSLA? Justify your answer. (d) Based on the BLAST results, what possible species name can be assigned to the MSLA group?By comparing DNA sequence of a specific gene, we can determine the evolutionary relationship of two organisms. Based on the sequence listed below, which two species would you expect to be more closely related? Organism No.1 with ATG CAA TAC GCC, organism No. 2 with ATG CAT GAC ACC and organims No. 3 with ATG CAT TAC GCC A. Organims No.2 and No.3 are likely more closely related. b.Organims No.1 and No.2 are likely more closely related. c.Organims No 1 and No.3 are likely more closely related.Please answer fast Which of the following defines DNA barcoding? (more than one answer may be correct). Please explain your answer(s). A) uses the DNA sequence of a specific fragment of DNA to identify species B) uses microsatellite allele frequences to estimate Ne C) uses whole genome sequences to identify markers under selection D) uses SNPs and a PCA to display population-level relationships E) uses SNPs and a PCA to display individual-level relationships
- Molecular marker is used to determine relatedness of species which may directly or indirectly exerts an effect on diversity. A hypothetical ancestor has the following DNA sequences: G A A G C T A T T C A T T. There are two lineage with DNA sequences of G A A G G T A T T C T C G, and G A A C C T A T T C T G C. (1) Determine the percentage of A and T in the DNA sequence of the hypothetical ancestor. (2) Calculate the percentage of each nitrogenous base in the second lineage.Segmental duplications play an important role in evolution by a. giving rise to new genes and multigene families. b. keeping the number of genes in a genome constant. c. eliminating repetitive sequences produced by transposition. d. controlling the base content of the genome.In DNA-DNA Hybridization, sequences from two separate organisms that show partial hybridization suggest _______. a) They are related b) suggest they are not related c)suggest that they are the same organism
- Count the instances where there is any difference in the amino acid in the alignment of the six sequences and write that number below. Did you find any clades in this alignment? Describe your results. You must describe in detail the relationships between the sequences in this tree. Describe in detail how this combined tree changed the relationships between the sequences in comparison to the two separate trees that you created in the previous section aboveOutline the different rates of evolution that are typically seen in different parts of a protein-encoding gene. What might account for these differences?Suppose that the sequences of two proteins each consisting of 200 amino acids are aligned and that the percentage of identical residues has been calculated. How would you interpret each of the following results in regard to the possible divergence of the two proteins from a common ancestor? (a) 80% (b) 50% (c) 20% (d) 10%