C) What other forces/processes contribute to the energy needed to preform ATP synthesis? Explain your reasoning using a minimum of 4 sentences and be as detailed as possible.
Q: Explain the following terms: ATP and ADP, draw and explain
A: In biological system, we need a chemical energy that makes the changes by breaking the chemical…
Q: At which steps of Respiration and how many ATPs are synthesized in Substrate level and oxidative…
A: In cellular respiration ,a cell takes oxygen inside and remove carbon dioxide to blood stream. This…
Q: Which of the answer choices is true about ATP synthase? Select all that apply.
A: ATP synthase is a transport protein. ATP synthase is an integral membrane protein.
Q: 2. Complete the table of the overview of the steps of ATP production and wastes Steps location ATP…
A: Introduction :- Respiration may be Oxygen dependent ( aerobic respiration) and Oxygen independent (…
Q: Identify the factors that make ATP an energy-rich molecule
A: The commerce of the cell metabolism is facilitated by the use of common energy currency adenosine…
Q: What are three ways that ATP can be generated?
A: Introduction: The structure of ATP is:
Q: Classification. Use the five compounds listed below for the following questions. a. Ethanol This…
A: The biological processes essential for the survival of living organisms are known as life processes.…
Q: Consider a 24:1 △cis-9 fatty acid in the mitochondrion. For each fatty acid given, determine the…
A: Fatty acids are (-COOH)carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon chains from 4 to 36 carbon long. These can…
Q: a. Why is the energy investment stage of glycolysis called as such? b. Why is the energy harvest…
A: Aerobic metabolism is a set of three basic metabolic processes that occur in cells to generate…
Q: Explain in two to three sentences, how ATP stores and releases energy.
A: ATP stores energy- The chemical ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is found in all living things. When a…
Q: Explain the 4 roles of enzymes thereby lowering the activation energy
A: An enzyme, by definition, is a protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst, allowing…
Q: Describe the structure of ATP. Where does the energy tosynthesize ATP come from? What is the energy…
A: ATP is a high energy molecule which provides the energy to carry out various biological processes…
Q: 5. Mary's husband died from a car accident while on a business trip. Because of this, she took to…
A: The intake of alcohol affects our bodies severely, it interfaces with many metabolic pathways…
Q: hat is the difference between an aerobic process and an anaerobic process?
A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: Which of the following enzymes require ATP as energy source? (select all correc answers)
A: DNA Gyrase is an essential bacterial enzyme that catalyses the ATP dependent negative supercoiling…
Q: 5. Examine the graphic below and answer the questions about the enzyme we reviewed in lecture. 1.0…
A: Enzymes are the biocatalysts that catalyze biochemical reactions by converting substrate bound to…
Q: Describe the aerobic production of ATP.
A: Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is a molecule that transports energy inside cells. It is the cell's…
Q: What is the approximate number of ATP that are of triacyl glycerides (TAGS)? generated from the…
A: Triacyl glycerides on breakdown forms two chains of fatty acids and one chain of glycerol. The fatty…
Q: What is the relationship between energy-requiring reactions, ATP hydrolysis, and cellular…
A: Answer : Endergonic reaction require energy input, as reactants contain less energy than products.…
Q: CHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER Hydrolysis of ATP yields A.-30.5 kJ B. -30.5 kcal C.30.5 kJ D. 30.5 kcal
A: ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP in the reaction ATP+H2O→ADP+Pi+ free energy.
Q: Explain briefly (in less than 100 words) how ATP synthase works. Show and explain the structure and…
A: ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is the energy currency of the cell. It is used as an energy source in…
Q: describe ATP
A: Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that take place within each cell of a living…
Q: Describe the components that make up ATP and how they are assembled and taken apart. Use the terms…
A: ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is a chemical that transports energy within cells. It is the cell's…
Q: Suggest the possible class of enzyme (or name of enzyme) for each of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions…
A: Introduction: Enzymes are biological catalysts that fasten the rate of the biochemical reaction.…
Q: List the steps describing how the ATP synthase works to make ATP
A: ATP is the energy currency of cells. Mainly produce by the ATP synthase enzyme present on the inner…
Q: Define the following terms: a. ATP synthase b. submitochondrial particle c. α,β-hexamer d. torque e.…
A: The electron transport chain is the cluster of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane…
Q: Please briefly explain the ATP_modulated actomyosih cycle.
A: Every myosin motor protein has ATPase activity and works in a periodic fashion, with ATP binding and…
Q: Briefly explain the mechanism of action of enzymes.
A: Enzymes are a special type of protein that speed up chemical reactions in the body. They do this by…
Q: Explain the synthesis of ATP in details? proper explanation and diagram
A: ATP or Adenosine triphosphate is a energy molecule that can store energy and transfer chemical…
Q: explain the role adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) and adenosine di phosphate (ADP), play in producing…
A:
Q: Briefly explain the mechanism by which ATP synthase produces ATP.List three locations in which ATP…
A: ATP synthase is a type of enzyme that is responsible for synthesizing ATP from ADP and an inorganic…
Q: amino acid serine. Start with serine and end with ATP.
A: Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are…
Q: What causes the c subunits of ATP synthase to rotate? What determines the direction of rotation?
A: As the Y and subunits are initially attached to the C subunit, the rotation of the ankal stalk is…
Q: The body uses ATP for several activities such as Muscle contraction, transport of molecules etc.…
A:
Q: Define the following terms:a. cofactorb. coenzymec. apoenzymed. holoenzymee. velocity
A: Introduction:
Q: Briefly discuss aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis.
A: The process of oxygen involved in converting glycogen to glucose and further breaking down glucose…
Q: Predict or describe the absorbance or enzyme activity at: pH = 2 pH = 14 Temperature = 25°C…
A: Introduction - The study of reaction rates and how they change in response to changes in…
Q: Do you think that the EA for ATP hydrolysis is relatively low or high? Explain your reasoning.
A: Adenosine triphosphate can be defined as ATP is a molecule that will carry energy within the cells.…
Q: Discuss the structure, basic formation, and roles of ATP in cells.
A: Answer: Introduction: Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) - is the vital molecule for storage and…
Q: Which energy storehouse is utilised in brief anaerobic activity versus ongoing aerobic activity?…
A: Exercising to lose weight, boosts our metabolism, which results in healthy blood circulation,…
Q: The significance of the ATP molecule shown is best explained by which statement below? *
A: As ATP is used for energy, a phosphate group or two are detached, and either ADP or AMP is produced.…
Q: Explain how ATP stores and releases energy in 2-3sentences.
A: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) comprises of an adenosine molecule linked to three phophate groups in a…
Q: Describe the molecular make-up of an ATP molecule. Please be as descriptive as possible.
A:
Q: Define 'activation energy' of an enzyme catalysed single substrate reaction and mention the effects…
A: Activation energy- The difference in free energy between the transition state and the reactants is…
Q: How many ATP did you use? What type(s) of protein(s) were used? Explain when each type was used.
A: *NOTE: Kindly repost for other questions* Dear Student as per the guidelines we are supposed to…
Q: Identify where and why decarboxylases, dehydrogenases, and kinases are employed in aerobic cellular…
A: Aerobic cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is…
Q: Why is ATP hydrolysis is so favorable?
A: INTRODUCTION ATP Adenosine Tri Phosphate this molecule transfer and store energy in cell.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Using the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1. takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 2. produces H2O as a by-product 3. results in a rich yield of ATP 4. takes place in the cytosol 5. processes acetyl-CoA 6. takes place in the mitochondrial innermembrane cristae 7. converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules 8. uses molecular oxygen 9. accomplished by the electron transport system and ATP synthase (a) glycolysis (b) citric acid cycle (c) oxidative phosphorylationAssuming that 3 H+ are transported per ATP synthesized in the mitochondrial matrix, the membrane potential difference is 0.18V (negative inside), and the pH difference is 2 unit (acid outside, basic inside), calculate the largest ratio of ATP/(ADP)(Pi) under which synthesis of ATP can occur. (gas constant 8.3J/mole, F is 96,485 kJ/V, T in , Co +273)Assuming that the pH of the IMS is 1.4 units lower than the pH of the matrix, the free energy yield associated with the transport of a proton from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) to the mitochondrial matrix is △ G of the reaction is 8.310 KJmol-1 What is the minimum number of protons that must enter the mitochondrial membrane from the IMS in order to synthesize one molecule of ATP?
- Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes representing complex I, II, III, and IV, and ATP Synthase. Label your diagrams with the correct names for the membranes, Make two more of these drawings. Label the first one mitochondrial electron source and using a different ink color, indicate the source(s) of electrons. Label the second mitochondrial energy source, and indicate the source of energy driving the electron transport chain. In the third, label the mitochondrial electron acceptor in its proper position. Also include ATP synthase (in its correct orientation-the spherical part is on the opposite side of the membrane as the H+ reservoir). Use a different color of ink to show where the protons (H+) are pumped to drive ATP synthesis. also indicate where ATP is generated and were the power is stored to generate ATP. NOW, do the same thing with chloroplasts. Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large photosynthetic…Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes representing complex I, II, III, and IV, and ATP Synthase. Make two more of these drawings. Label the first one mitochondrial electron source and using a different ink color, indicate the source(s) of electrons. Label the second mitochondrial energy source, and indicate the source of energy driving the electron transport chain. In the third, label the mitochondrial electron acceptor in its proper position. In this third drawing, also include ATP synthase (in its correct orientation-the spherical part is on the opposite side of the membrane as the H+ reservoir). Label your diagrams with the correct names for the membranes, ATP synthase, and to show where the protons (H+) are pumped to drive ATP synthesis.Calculate how many moles of ATP can be made in standard conditions when 1 mole of protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through the ATP synthase. Assume that: i) the matrix pH is 7.8, ii) the cytosolic pH is 7.2, iii)ΔE=0.168 V (inside negative), iv) T=37°C, and v) the standard free energy change for the hydrolysis of 1 mole of ATP is -31.3 kJ/mol.
- What is the major route for protons moving from the inter membrane space back into the mitochondrial matrix during oxidative phosphorylation? 1. Protons carried across the membrane by a molecule of dinitrophenol 2. Protons are transported along with ADP by the ATP/ADP translocase.3. Protons enter the half channel in subunit a facing the inter membrane space and exit via the half channel facing the mitochondrial matrix. Choose 1 correct answer explain? Give typing answer with explanation and conclusionIn phase II of ETS diagram and label the ATP synthase along with the inner mitochondrial membrane it is sitting in. Your diagram must show the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix. Describe how it works step by stepUsing a generalized terminology (i.e. neither CIII nor CIV specific), explain how complex III and IV act as electron/proton charge separation device (not a proton pump) in mitochondria bioenergetics to create electron potential through the iner mitochondria membrane
- Fill in the bold using the table. Because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to L, when there is an excess of mitochondrial L, it converts to M using a TCA condensation reaction, M crosses to the cytosol using a designated transport system. In the cytosol, M reconverts to L and oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is subsequently converted to malate with simultaneous production of N, a prerequisite cofactor for the glycolysis pathway. This reaction is then followed by conversion of N to pyruvate which produces O, a prerequisite cofactor for the fatty acid synthesis pathway. L M N O A. ATP pyruvate malate NADPH B. ATP citrate ATP NAD+ C. acetyl CoA pyruvate NAD+ NADH D. acetyl CoA citrate NAD+ NADPH E. glucose pyruvate malate NADP+Energy-consuming active transport is used to move protons in all of the following directions except: A. from the mitochondrial matrix, across the mitochondrial cristae, into the intermembrane space B. from the extracellular fluid, across the plasma membrane, into the Halobacterium halobium cytosol C. from the cytosol of plant cells, across the vacuolar membrane, into the central vacuole D. from the cytosol of skeletal muscle cells, across the plasma membrane, into the extracellular fluid E. from the chloroplast stroma, across the thylakoid membrane, into the thylakoid spaceAlthough the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: If the inner mitochondrial membrane were rendered as permeable as the outer membrane, how would that affect oxidative phosphorylation? Which specific processes would stop and which remain?