Cheese-makers use an enzyme, normally found in cow stomachs, to start the conversion of milk to cheese. The cow gene that codes for this enzyme has been inserted into the genetic material of a microbe, Aspergillus niger. Why are Aspergillus niger cells able to correctly transcribe and translate a cow gene and make this enzyme?   A DNA is a double helix.   B Cow cells must have contaminated and cross-bred with the A. niger cells.   C The genetic code is universal

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Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.