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- Mendelian GeneticsF1 Cross: Yellow, Round x Green, Round GgWw x ggWWCharacter: Pea color & shapeUse Punnett square and fork-line method to check the F2.Show and interpret all the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offsprings. Mendelian GeneticsF1 Cross: Tall, White, Axial x Dwarf, Violet, Terminal DdwwAA x ddWWaaCharacter: Stem height, Flower color & positionUse fork-line method to check the F2.Show and interpret all the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offsprings. I. For A and B,1. Identify the type of inheritance. Justify your answer.2. Decode the genotypes of the individuals in the pedigree. (Use letter A for representation of alleles.)3. List down all affected individuals.B.A.. An allotetraploid species has a genome composed oftwo ancestral genomes, A and B, each of which havea basic chromosome number (x) of seven. In thisspecies, the two copies of each chromosome of eachancestral genome pair only with each other duringmeiosis. Resistance to a pathogen that attacks the foliage of the plant is controlled by a dominant allele atthe F locus. The recessive alleles Faand Fbconfersensitivity to the pathogen, but the dominant resistancealleles present in the two genomes have slightly different effects. Plants with at least one FAallele areresistant to races 1 and 2 of the pathogen regardlessof the genotype in the B genome, and plants with atleast one FBallele are resistant to races 1 and 3 of thepathogen regardless of the genotype in the A genome.What proportion of the self-progeny of an FA Fa FB Fbplant will be resistant to all three races of the pathogen?Corn id W20-AB1-D-13 486 152 162 54 W21-BB1-A-19 445 152 154 94 W20-BB1-D-19 501 153 167 88 W20-AB1-C-16 489 153 94 56 W20-BB1-H-11 480 153 94 56 MONOHYBRID CROSS1. Present the data as monohybrids (Xx, XX, xx) for all five corn cobs andfor the plant. Present the colour and texture phenotypes with their associatedgenotypes in separate tables. Your first table should include the corn ID, the number of purple kernels, thenumber of yellow kernels, and the phenotypic ratio between the two kernelcolours. Present the texture results in the same format to a separate table.2. What is the dominant phenotype for kernel colour in your assigned cornplant? What is the dominant phenotype for kernel texture in your assigned corn plant?3. What are the probable phenotypes for the previous generation of cornplants with regard to kernel coloration?4. What are the probable phenotypes of the previous generation of cornplants with regard to kernel texture?
- Neurospora of genotype a + c are crossed withNeurospora of genotype + b +. (Here, + is shorthandfor the wild-type allele.) The following tetrads areobtained (note that the genotype of the four sporepairs in an ascus are listed, rather than listing alleight spores):a + c a b c + + c + b c a b + a + ca + c a b c a + c a b c a b + a b c+ b + + + + + b + + + + + + c + + ++ b + + + + a b + a + + + + c + b +137 141 26 25 2 3a. In how many cells has meiosis occurred to yieldthese data?b. Give the best genetic map to explain these results.Indicate all relevant genetic distances, both betweengenes and between each gene and the centromere.c. Diagram a meiosis that could give rise to oneof the three tetrads in the class at the far right inthe listA pure-breeding strain of squash that produced diskshaped fruits (see the accompanying illustration) wascrossed with a pure-breeding strain having long fruits.The F1 had disk fruits, but the F2 showed a new phenotype, sphere, and was composed of the followingproportions:Longlong 32 sphere 178 disk 270Sphere DiskPropose an explanation for these results, and showthe genotypes of the P, F1, and F2 generations.. Consider the genotypes of two lines of chickens: thepure-line mottled Honduran is i/i ; D/D ; M/M ; W/W, andthe pure-line leghorn is I/I ; d/d ; m/m ; w/w, whereI = white feathers, i = colored feathersD = duplex comb, d = simplex combM = bearded, m = beardlessW = white skin, w = yellow skinThese four genes assort independently. Starting withthese two pure lines, what is the fastest and mostconvenient way of generating a pure line that has coloredfeathers, has a simplex comb, is beardless, and has yellowskin? Make sure that you showa. the breeding pedigree.b. the genotype of each animal represented.c. how many eggs to hatch in each cross, and why thisnumber.d. why your scheme is the fastest and the mostconvenient
- Roughly 30% of harvested cantaloupesare wasted because they become overripebefore reaching consumers. Agricultural scientistshave used genetic engineering to insert an applegene into the cantaloupe genome to produce atransgenic (GM) cantaloupe that ripens more slowlyafter harvesting. Is this approach less desirablethan the marker-assisted breeding describedabove? Why or why not?A snapdragon with pink petals, black anthers, and longstems was allowed to self-fertilize. From the resultingseeds, 650 adult plants were obtained. The phenotypesof these offspring are listed here.78 red long tan26 red short tan44 red long black15 red short black39 pink long tan13 pink short tan204 pink long black68 pink short black5 white long tan2 white short tan117 white long black39 white short blacka. Using P for one allele and p for the other, indicatehow flower color is inherited.b. What numbers of red : pink : white would havebeen expected among these 650 plants?c. How are anther color and stem length inherited?d. What was the genotype of the original plant?e. Do any of the three genes show independentassortment?f. For any genes that are linked, indicate the arrangements of the alleles on the homologous chromosomes in the original snapdragon, and estimate thedistance between the genes. A true-breeding strain of Virginia tobacco has dominantalleles determining leaf morphology (M), leaf color(C), and leaf size (S). A Carolina strain is homozygousfor the recessive alleles of these three genes. Thesegenes are found on the same chromosome as follows:M C S6 m.u. 17 m.u.An F1 hybrid between the two strains is now backcrossedto the Carolina strain. Assuming no interference:a. What proportion of the backcross progeny willresemble the Virginia strain for all three traits?b. What proportion of the backcross progeny willresemble the Carolina strain for all three traits?c. What proportion of the backcross progeny will havethe leaf morphology and leaf size of the Virginiastrain but the leaf color of the Carolina strain?d. What proportion of the backcross progeny will havethe leaf morphology and leaf color of the Virginiastrain but the leaf size of the Carolina strain?
- The life cycle of the haploid fungus Ascobolus is similar tothat of Neurospora. A mutational treatment producedtwo mutant strains, 1 and 2, both of which when crossedwith wild type gave unordered tetrads, all of the followingtype (fawn is a light brown color; normally, crosses produce all black ascospores):spore pair 1 black spore pair 3 fawnspore pair 2 black spore pair 4 fawna. What does this result show? Explain.The two mutant strains were crossed. Most of the unordered tetrads were of the following type:spore pair 1 fawn spore pair 3 fawnspore pair 2 fawn spore pair 4 fawnb. What does this result suggest? Explain.When large numbers of unordered tetrads were screenedunder the microscope, some rare ones that containedblack spores were found. Four cases are shown here:Case A Case B Case C Case Dspore pair 1 black black black blackspore pair 2 black fawn black abortspore pair 3 fawn fawn abort fawnspore pair 4 fawn fawn abort fawn(Note: Ascospores with extra genetic material…When two plants (A and B) belonging to thesame genus but different species are crossed,the F1 hybrid is viable and has more ornateflowers. Unfortunately, this hybrid is sterileand can only be propagated by vegetativecuttings. Explain the sterility of the hybridand what would have to occur for thesterility of this hybrid to be reversedRrxRR Genotyperatioofoffspring___________________ Phenotyperatioofoffspring__________________