Consider a program having following sequence of instructions, where the syntax consists of an opcode followed by the destination register followed by one or two source registers. Instructions requiring floating Unit (FPU) are indicated in the comment field. Please note that LOAD, STORE and FPU operations require 4, 4 and 3 clock cycles respectively whereas integer operations require one clock cycle only. a) Show the execution sequence of the program using in-order-issue and in-order-execution policy.
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- Consider the following sequence of instructions, where the syntax consists of an opcode followed by the destination register followed by one or two source registers (see image 1). Assume the use of a four-stage pipeline: fetch, decode/issue, execute, write back. Assume that all pipeline stages take one clock cycle except for the execute stage. For simple integer arithmetic and logical instructions, the execute stage takes one cycle, but for a LOAD from memory, five cycles are consumed in the execute stage. If we have a simple scalar pipeline but allow out-of-order execution, we can construct the following table for the execution of the first seven instructions (see image 2). The entries under the four pipeline stages indicate the clock cycle at which each instruction begins each phase. In this program, the second ADD instruction (instruction 3) depends on the LOAD instruction (instruction 1) for one of its operands, r6. Because the LOAD instruction takes five clock cycles, and…Q1: Suppose the hypothetical processor has two I/O instructions: (3+3+3)0011=Load AC from I/O0111=Store AC to I/OIn this case, the 12-bit address identifies a particular external device. Show the program execution using figure for the following program:a) Load AC from device 6b) Add contents of memory location 880c) Store AC to device 7 (Note: Question is to be solved similar to the pictures attached with minimum explaination of a line or two with the steps and SHOULD include the memory location 880 as stated in the question)6. Assume that two numbers: dividend and divisor are saved in memory address M1 and M2 respectively. Quotient and remainder should be saved in R1 and R2 respectively. Write assembly language instructions and then list microoperations for each instruction and list the control signals required to be activated for each microoperation. MBR is used as buffer for any register to register transfer operation. Signal Description: Control signals operation Comments C0 MAR to RAM (through address bus) C1 PC to MBR C2 PC to MAR C3 MBR to PC C4 MBR to IR C5 RAM to MBR C6 MBR to ALU C7 Accumulator to ALU C8 IR to MAR C9 ALU to Accumulator C10 MBR to Accumulator C11 Accumulator to MBR C12 MBR to RAM (through data bus) C13 IR to Control Unit C14 MBR to R1 C15 MBR to R2 C16 MBR to R3 C17 MBR to R4…
- Assume that the operation times of one add instruction for the major functional units are 325 ps for memory access, 185 ps for ALU operations and 125 ps for register file read/writes. Please fill the table first and perform the following a )What is the total cycle in single-cycle implementation? b )What is the total cycle in pipelining implementation? c) What is the total cycle in pipelining implementation if there are 5 million add instructions? d) What is the total cycle in pipelining implementation for 5 million add instructions, if the stages are balanced? e)What is the speed up of pipelining implementation over single-cycle implementation?computer architecture Assume that the operation times of one add instruction for the major functional units are 325 ps for memory access, 185 ps for ALU operations and 125 ps for register file read/writes. Please fill the table first and perform the following a )What is the total cycle in single-cycle implementation? b )What is the total cycle in pipelining implementation? c) What is the total cycle in pipelining implementation if there are 5 million add instructions? d) What is the total cycle in pipelining implementation for 5 million add instructions, if the stages are balanced? e)What is the speed up of pipelining implementation over single-cycle implementation?Consider the following sequence of instructions, where the syntax consists of an opcode followed by the destination register followed by one or two source registers (Image 1). Assume the use of a four-stage pipeline: fetch, decode/issue, execute, write back. Assume that all pipeline stages take one clock cycle except for the execute stage. For simple integer arithmetic and logical instructions, the execute stage takes one cycle, but for a LOAD from memory, five cycles are consumed in the execute stage. If we have a simple scalar pipeline but allow out-of-order execution, we can construct the following table for the execution of the first seven instructions (Image 2). The entries under the four pipeline stages indicate the clock cycle at which each instruction begins each phase. In this program, the second ADD instruction (instruction 3) depends on the LOAD instruction (instruction 1) for one of its operands, r6. Because the LOAD instruction takes five clock cycles, and the…
- Consider the following sequence of instructions, where the syntax consists of an opcode followed by the destination register followed by one or two source registers (image 1). Assume the use of a four-stage pipeline: fetch, decode/issue, execute, write back. Assume that all pipeline stages take one clock cycle except for the execute stage. For simple integer arithmetic and logical instructions, the execute stage takes one cycle, but for a LOAD from memory, five cycles are consumed in the execute stage. If we have a simple scalar pipeline but allow out-of-order execution, we can construct the following table for the execution of the first seven instructions (image 2). The entries under the four pipeline stages indicate the clock cycle at which each instruction begins each phase. In this program, the second ADD instruction (instruction 3) depends on the LOAD instruction (instruction 1) for one of its operands, r6. Because the LOAD instruction takes five clock cycles, and the…Consider the following program in MARIE assembly language. a) Complete the table detailing the RTN for next 2 instructions only that will be executed including the content of registers PC, IR, MAR, MBR and AC in hexadecimal. Note the first instruction LOAD X is already filled. Note also that SKIPCOND instruction has no operands, therefore you can complete Fetch, decode and execute cycles only. b) Explain in one statement the task performed by this program?Consider a Computer which has a memory which is capable of storing 4096 K words and each word in memory can be of size 32 bits. The computer supports a total of 6 addressingmodes, and it has 60 computer registers. The computer supports instructions, where each instruction consists of following fields: Mode Operation code Register Register Memory AddressGiven that each instruction will be stored in one memory word, discuss with a suitable diagram the format of instruction by specifying number of bits for each field of instruction. Discuss each field of instruction.
- Assume that 20 percent of the dynamic count of the instructions executed for a program are branch instructions. Delayed branching is used, with one delay slot. Assume that there are no stalls caused by other factors. First, derive an expression for the execution time in cycles if all delay slots are filled with NOP instructions. Then, derive another expression that reflects the execution time with 70 percent of delay slots filled with useful instructions by the optimizing compiler. From these expressions, determine the compiler’s contribution to the increase in performance, expressed as a speedup percentage.Suppose that each of the 4 processors in a shared memory multi-processor system is rated at 400 MIPS. A program contains a purely sequential part that accounts for 22% of the program’s execution time on a single processor. The remaining code can be partitioned into three independent parts (A, B, and C). Running on a single processor, part A accounts for 30% of the program’s execution time, part B accounts for 18%, and part C accounts for 30%. What is the apparent MIPS rating for the program if it is run on the 4-processor system and the sequential part must be completed before any of the remaining independent parts (A, B or C) can run in parallel?Consider the following program in MARIE assembly language. a) Complete the table detailingthe RTN for next 2 instructions only that will be executed including the content of registers PC,IR, MAR, MBR and AC in hexadecimal. Note the first instruction LOAD X is already filled. Notealso that SKIPCOND instruction has no operands, therefore you can complete Fetch, decode andexecute cycles only. b) Explain in one statement the task performed by this program?