Consider the case of shafts when subjected to axial loads in addition to combined torsional and bending loads. A hollow shaft of 0.5 m outside diameter and 0.3 m inside diameter is used to drive a propeller of a marine vessel. The shaft is mounted on bearings 6 metre apart and it transmits 5600 kW at 150 rpm. The maximum axial propeller thrust is 500 kN and the shaft weighs 70 kN.Determine: The maximum shear stress developed in the shaft, and The angular twist between the bearings. Consider using a solid shaft in place of the hollow shaft, of 0.5 m diameter to drive the propeller of the marine vessel. As above, the shaft is mounted on bearings 6 metre apart and it transmits 5600 kW at 150 rpm. The maximum axial propeller thrust is 500 kN and the shaft weighs 110 kN.Determine: The maximum shear stress developed in the shaft, and The angular twist between the bearings. Table of recommended values for Km and K,Nature of load1. Stationary shafts(a) Gradually applied loadK,1.01.0(6) Suddenly applied load1.5 to 2.01.5 to 2.02. Rotating shafts(a) Gradually applied orsteady load(6) Suddenly applied loadwith minor shocks only(c) Suddenly applied loadwith heavy shocks1.51.01.5 to 2.01.5 to 2.02.0 to 3.01.5 to 3.0 Attachment Q4ax 4F-For hollow shaft)Shafts subjected to axial loads in addition to combined torsional andbending loads.The value of column factor (a) for compressive loads* may be obtained from the followingrelation:1When the shaft is subjected to an axial load (F) in addition to torsion and bending loads as inpropeller shafts of ships and shafts for driving wom gears, then the stress due to axial load must beadded to the bending stress (0,). We know that bending equation isColumn factor,a=F1-0.0044 (L/K)This expression is used when the slenderness ratio (L/K) is less than 115. When the slender-ness ratio (L/K) is more than 115, then the value of column factor may be obtained from the follow-ing relation:M.y _ M x d/2 32Mor O= 1%3D6, (L/K)²CnEL = Length of shaft between the bearings,K= Least radius of gyration,0, = Compressive yield point stress of shaft material, andC= Coefficient in Euler's formula depending upon the end conditions.and stress due to axial load64F4F%3D**Column factor, a =.(For round solid shaft)xd? nd?whereF4F%3D.(For hollow shaft)--F.. (* *= djd)The following are the different values of C depending upon the end conditions.T (d.)° (1 – k²).. Resultant stress (tensile or compressive) for solid shaft,C=1, for hinged ends,= 2.25, for fixed ends,32 мO, =Fxd'32M +4F..()= 1.6, for ends that are partly restrained as in bearings.%3D32M1Note: In general, for a hollow shaft subjected to fluctuating torsional and bending load, along with an axial load,the equations for equivalent twisting moment (T) and equivalent bending moment (M) may be written asstituting M1 = M +In case of a hollow shaft, the resultant stress,T.=a F d, (1+ k)+ (E, x T)?K.xM +32M4FT (d, (1 – k*)" * (d,) a – x²)32Fd, (1 + k?)aFd, (l + k*) , K-M +aFd, a +k)1 (d,)' (1 – k*)a(d,) (1 – x*)M. =+ (K, x T)²andKxM +8Substituting for hollow shaft, Af =M +It may be noted that for a solid shaft, k=0 and d, =d. When the shaft caies no axial load, then F=0 andIn case of long shafts (slender shafts) subjected to compressive loads, a factor known as columnfactor (a) must be introduced to take the column effect into account.when the shaft carries axial tensile load, then a =1... Stress due to the compressive load,ax 4FO =..(For round solid shaft)Equivalent bending moment (M.),M. = K, x M + V(K, × M)² + (K, × T)² |whereK = Combined shock and fatigue factor for bending, andK, = Combined shock and fatigue factor for torsion.

Question

Consider the case of shafts when subjected to axial loads in addition to combined torsional and bending loads. A hollow shaft of 0.5 m outside diameter and 0.3 m inside diameter is used to drive a propeller of a marine vessel. The shaft is mounted on bearings 6 metre apart and it transmits 5600 kW at 150 rpm. The maximum axial propeller thrust is 500 kN and the shaft weighs 70 kN.Determine: The maximum shear stress developed in the shaft, and The angular twist between the bearings.  Consider using a solid shaft in place of the hollow shaft, of 0.5 m diameter to drive the propeller of the marine vessel. As above, the shaft is mounted on bearings 6 metre apart and it transmits 5600 kW at 150 rpm. The maximum axial propeller thrust is 500 kN and the shaft weighs 110 kN.Determine: The maximum shear stress developed in the shaft, and The angular twist between the bearings. Table of recommended values for Km and K,Nature of load1. Stationary shafts(a) Gradually applied loadK,1.01.0(6) Suddenly applied load1.5 to 2.01.5 to 2.02. Rotating shafts(a) Gradually applied orsteady load(6) Suddenly applied loadwith minor shocks only(c) Suddenly applied loadwith heavy shocks1.51.01.5 to 2.01.5 to 2.02.0 to 3.01.5 to 3.0 Attachment Q4ax 4F-For hollow shaft)Shafts subjected to axial loads in addition to combined torsional andbending loads.The value of column factor (a) for compressive loads* may be obtained from the followingrelation:1When the shaft is subjected to an axial load (F) in addition to torsion and bending loads as inpropeller shafts of ships and shafts for driving wom gears, then the stress due to axial load must beadded to the bending stress (0,). We know that bending equation isColumn factor,a=F1-0.0044 (L/K)This expression is used when the slenderness ratio (L/K) is less than 115. When the slender-ness ratio (L/K) is more than 115, then the value of column factor may be obtained from the follow-ing relation:M.y _ M x d/2 32Mor O= 1%3D6, (L/K)²CnEL = Length of shaft between the bearings,K= Least radius of gyration,0, = Compressive yield point stress of shaft material, andC= Coefficient in Euler's formula depending upon the end conditions.and stress due to axial load64F4F%3D**Column factor, a =.(For round solid shaft)xd? nd?whereF4F%3D.(For hollow shaft)--F.. (* *= djd)The following are the different values of C depending upon the end conditions.T (d.)° (1 – k²).. Resultant stress (tensile or compressive) for solid shaft,C=1, for hinged ends,= 2.25, for fixed ends,32 мO, =Fxd'32M +4F..()= 1.6, for ends that are partly restrained as in bearings.%3D32M1Note: In general, for a hollow shaft subjected to fluctuating torsional and bending load, along with an axial load,the equations for equivalent twisting moment (T) and equivalent bending moment (M) may be written asstituting M1 = M +In case of a hollow shaft, the resultant stress,T.=a F d, (1+ k)+ (E, x T)?K.xM +32M4FT (d, (1 – k*)&#34; * (d,) a – x²)32Fd, (1 + k?)aFd, (l + k*) , K-M +aFd, a +k)1 (d,)' (1 – k*)a(d,) (1 – x*)M. =+ (K, x T)²andKxM +8Substituting for hollow shaft, Af =M +It may be noted that for a solid shaft, k=0 and d, =d. When the shaft caies no axial load, then F=0 andIn case of long shafts (slender shafts) subjected to compressive loads, a factor known as columnfactor (a) must be introduced to take the column effect into account.when the shaft carries axial tensile load, then a =1... Stress due to the compressive load,ax 4FO =..(For round solid shaft)Equivalent bending moment (M.),M. = K, x M + V(K, × M)² + (K, × T)² |whereK = Combined shock and fatigue factor for bending, andK, = Combined shock and fatigue factor for torsion.

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