8 Considering that calcium and ATP are required for muscle contraction, whatmight explain why calcium inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)activity in muscle cells, but stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase-1 (PDHP-1) activity?unphosphorylatedCalcium inhibition of PDHP-1 and stimulation of PDHK results inactive PDH and more ATP for muscle contraction.Calcium inhibition of PDHK and stimulation of PDHP-1 results inunphosphorylated active PDH and more ATP for muscle contraction.Calcium inhibition of PDHK and stimulation of PDHP-1 results inphosphorylated active PDH and more ATP for muscle contraction.Calcium inhibition of PDHK and stimulation of PDHP-1 results inunphosphorylated active PDH and more ADP for muscle contraction.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) is made up of three subunits, called E1, E2 and E3. E1 is also…

Answered: Considering that calcium and ATP are…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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With respect to glycogen, what is the likely fate of excess glucose 6-phosphate in muscle?
is this stement false? Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: Fructose-6-phosphate (1.0 mM)Fructose-(1-6)-bisphosphate (10.0 mM)AMP (0.1 mM)ADP (0.5 mM)ATP (5.0 mM)Pi (10.0 mM)Under the above conditions the Phosphofructokinase reaction in muscle is more exergonic than under standard conditions.
Assuming that all the glucose entering a muscle fiber is oxidized, as what molecule will the glucose carbon leave the body? Of glucose’s six carbons, two oxidized carbon byproducts will be produced by one enzyme, and four will be produced by a metabolic pathway. At which enzyme and pathway are these carbon-based bi-products produced?
Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: fructose6-phosphate, 1.0 mM; fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, 10 mM; AMP, 0.1 mM;ADP, 0.5 mM; ATP, 5 mM; and Pi, 10 mM. Is the phosphofructokinasereaction in muscle more or less exergonic than under standard conditions?By how much?
What type of regulation would be expected when anaerobic metabolism is occurring in the muscle? Select all that apply. 1. Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2. Increased levels of calcium to activate pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 3. Phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase 4. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex 5. Increased levels of NADH to activate citrate synthase 6. Increased levels of NADH to inhibit alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase complex 7. Increased levels of acetyl CoA to activate pyruvate carboxylase for gluconeogenesis
The synthesis and degradation of glycogen in muscle is not a futile (ATP-hydrolyzing)cycle because:A. glycogen synthase and phosphorylase are simultaneously activatedB. cyclic AMP activates adenylate kinase. C. when glycogen synthase is inactivated, phosphorylase is simultaneously activated. D. glycogen binds Mg2+, thereby lowering the concentration of MgATP2-
If a competitive inhibitor of pyruvate kinase were introduced into a muscle cell, which of the following will DECREASE, in terms of their levels in the cell? Check all the apply. Phosphoenol pyruvate Pyruvate Hexokinase ATP
Why does it make metabolic sense for the same hormone signal to stimulate glycogenolysis and inhibit glycolysis in the liver while stimulating both glycogenolysis and glycolysis in muscles?
Describe the two mechanisms by which muscle glycogen is broken down to glucose (glycogenolysis) for use in glycolysis. Which one is activated at the same time as muscle contraction?
Km of muscle hexokinase is _________ than that of liver glucokinase enzyme. As a result, the velocity of the reactions catalyzed by hexokinase is _________ as compared to glucokinase at a physiological concentration of 5mM glucose. Lower; Low Higher; low Lower, High Higher; High
How is it possible that both insulin andepine phrine stimulate muscle glycolysis?
The malate–aspartate shuttle yields about2.5 moles of ATP for each mole of cytosolic NADH. Why doesnature use the glycerol–phosphate shuttle, which yields only about1.5 moles of ATP?

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