Describe how matter is redistributed when the following spontaneous processes take place:(a) A solid sublimes.(b) A gas condenses.(c) A drop of food coloring added to a glass of water forms a solution with uniform color.

Q: At what temperatures is the following process spontaneous at 1 atm? ΔH° = +20 kJ and ΔS° = - 50 J/K

A: The reaction is always non-spontaneous at all temperatures.

Q: Define entropy and state the second law of thermodynamics?

A: Entropy is a thermodynamic property which shows the inaccessibility of a system's thermal energy. It…

Q: che standard entropy change to c

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Q: The combustion of gasoline is a spontaneous process. If this reaction proceeds spontaneously, why…

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Q: Explain the difference between a spontaneous and non-spontaneous process, and provide an example of…

A: Difference between spontaneous and non-spontaneous process :

Q: Ammonium nitrate dissolves spontaneously and endothermically in the water at room temperature. What…

A: The Gibb’s free energy expression is as follows, Here, ∆G is Gibb's free energy, ∆H is the enthalpy…

Q: Calculate how much heat (in kilojoules) a hand warmer containing 23.0 g of iron powder produces.

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Q: Which of the following is a spontaneous process? A. A ball rolls up a hill B. A fruit turns yellow…

A: Given processes, A. A ball rolls up a hill B. A fruit turns yellow as it ripens C. Ice is formed at…

Q: (a) Can endothermic chemical reactions be spontaneous?(b) Can a process be spontaneous at one…

A: “Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three subparts for…

Q: In a particular spontaneous process, the number of microstates availableto the system decreases.…

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Q: 1. Define entropy. How do you calculate standard entropy change for a reaction?

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Q: How does probability relate to spontaneity

A: A spontaneous chemical reaction proceed like a downhill. The spontaneity of a reaction can also be…

Q: Predict the sign of ∆S for physical and chemical processes?

A: Solution :    Entropy is a thermodynamic property that is a quantitative measure of the randomness…

Q: Which of the following are spontaneous processes? a. Silverwares tarnish when exposed to air b. A…

A: Spontaneous processes = These are the process which occur without any external force.   a.…

Q: Which of the following is a spontaneous process at atmospheric pressure? A. Water freezing at room…

A: Spontaneity of a process is define by the Gibbs free energy of reaction.

Q: d Silver nitrate is added to a solution of sodium chloride and a precipitate forms. spontaneous…

A: Here we have to predict whether the following given reactions are spontaneous or nonspontaneous…

Q: 1. What thermodynamie quantity is used to determine whether a chemical reaction will proceed…

A: When a reaction proceed on its own without any external aid, it is called spontaneous reaction.

Q: Suppose that a house and its exterior are both initially at 31 °C. Sometime after the air…

A: Spontaneous process is one which proceeds on its own and does not require any external assistance.…

Q: ) Are the following processes spontaneous or nonspontaneous? What is the sign on AG? a. Water…

A: The spontaneous reaction occurs without any external conditions whereas the nonspontaneous reaction…

Q: What do standard states have to do with free-energy changes?

A: Standard state is like the reference state of the substance, the phase of the substance usually…

Q: Which of the following is a correct statement about the third law of thermodynamics ? O The entropy…

A: Thermodynamics is the branch of science which deals woth the study of energy changes and their…

Q: What are the criteria for spontaneity in terms of entropy

A: The criteria for spontaneity in terms of entropy has to be determined.

Q: Does the thermodynamic term spontaneous refer to a process that takes place quickly?

A: To find: whether spontaneous refer to a process that takes place quickly thermodynamically?

Q: Explain the difference between macrostates and microstates?

A: Macrostates and microstates are two chemical concepts which is involved in thermodynamic system. The…

Q: What is the precise definition of entropy?

A: Entropy is a thermodynamic state function that determines randomness in a system.  When we raise…

Q: Indicate whether the following processes are spontaneous or nonspontaneous.(a) Liquid water freezing…

A: Spontaneous reactions are those reactions which takes place without any intervention in the given…

Q: Which of the following sets of conditions is true for an exothermic reaction that is spontaneous at…

A: Enthalpy, entropy both of these two factors determine the fate of reaction. The reaction either…

Q: For a particular reaction, Δ?∘=67.7 kJ/mol and Δ?∘=126.9 J/(mol⋅K). Assuming these values change…

A: Given : ΔHo of reaction = 67.7 KJ/mol = 67700 J/mol…

Q: enumerate at least three examples each for a spontaneous reaction and a nonspontaneous reaction

A: A spontaneous reaction is a reaction which occurs without the help of an external force or energy.…

Q: Which of the following processes are spontaneous andwhich are nonspontaneous: (a) the ripening of a…

A: Since we only answer up to 3 sub-parts, we’ll answer the first 3. Please resubmit the question and…

Q: What should be the sign of EMF for the reaction to be considered spontaneous? Why?

A: The Gibbs free energy for a spontaneous reaction has a negative sign. ∆G = -ve for spontaneous…

Q: Determine whether the following process are spontaneous or non-spontaneous. Write your answers on…

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple subparts, we will solve only first three subparts for…

Q: Is the entropy of a bag of popcorn greater than, less than, or equal to the entropy ofthe kernels of…

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Q: Which of the following processes is both exothermic (at 1 atm) and spontaneous? A) Sublimation of…

A: The process which is both exothermic and spontaneous is condensation of water at 99.5°C.

Q: Explain the second law of thermodynamics and give examples

A: The second law of thermodynamics states that the change in energy from one form to another is…

Q: Describe Gibbs' free energy and give an example of a spontaneous process.

A: The process which occur by itself without any external energy is known as spontaneous process.

Q: Which of the following processes are spontaneous and which are nonspontaneous: (a) the ripening of a…

A: Spontaneous process The process that can take place without the assistance of any external factor is…

Q: 11) Why can endothermic reactions be spontaneous?

A: Introduction: Endothermic reaction: The reaction which requires heat to form the product is called…

Q: Why do exothermic processes tend to be spontaneous at low temperatures? Why does their tendency…

A: According to second law of thermodynamics,

Q: How does the entropy of the surroundings change duringan exothermic reaction? An endothermic…

A: Entropy of surrounding will increase during an exothermic reaction because heat is absorbed by…

Q: Which pair of reactant will produce a spontaneous reaction if everything is present in its standard…

A: The standard reduction potential of Cu and Fe is as follows: Cu2++2e−→Cu…

Q: Which of the following is non-spontaneous? A. Rain falls from the sky B. A plant grows into a tree…

A: A cellphone battery is being recharged

Q: Question attached

A: A reaction is considered as spontaneous when the Gibbs free energy of the reaction (∆Gorxn) is…

Q: describe the behavior of the entropy of a substance as it changes phase from solid to liquid to gas

A: Increasing order of entropy : Solid < Liquid  < Gas Entropy will increase when solid converts…

Q: Determine if liquid water will spontaneously freeze at -10.00°C? Is it spontaneous at +10.00°C? What…

A: The process of conversion of ice into water is known as melting. The temperature at which this…

Q: What is entropy, S, and how is entropy related to spontaneous change?

A: Entropy is defined as,  A measure of randomness or disorder of a system.      OR  The amount of heat…

Q: The normal freezing point of n-octane 1C8H182 is -57 °C. In what temperature range is the freezing…

A: For freezing process  ∆H < 0  and ∆S < 0  So,  ∆G = ∆H - T∆S  at low temperature  ∆G < 0…

Q: Which expression defines the change in free energy? a. ΔΗ + ΤAG c. ΔΗ-TAS b. ΔΗ+TAS d. ΔS-ΤΔΗ

A: We have to predict correct statement for change in free energy.