Describe how Ras and p53 can alter the simplified genetic pathway controlling cell division shown below. For each of the two genes, would uncontrolled cell division result from a loss-of-function or a gain-of-function mutation? growth factors - receptors - cyclins - cyclin-dependent kinases - cell division

Describe how Ras and p53 can alter the simplified genetic pathway controlling cell division shown below. For each of the two genes, would uncontrolled cell division result from a loss-of-function or a gain-of-function mutation? growth factors - receptors - cyclins - cyclin-dependent kinases - cell division

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter12: Genes And Cancer

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9QP: What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene?

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Describe the steps by which the TP53 gene responds to DNA damage and/or cellular stress to promote cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Given that TP53 is a recessive gene and is not located on the X chromosome, why would people who inherit just one mutant copy of a recessive tumor-suppressor gene be at higher risk of developing cancer than those without the recessive gene?
The p53 gene encodes a tumor-suppressor protein, p53, which acts as a transcription factor for several genes. Discuss an example of a specific gene that is activated by p53 and how this gene activation will lead to a pause in the cell cycle for DNA repair to take place.
Explain the difference between asymmetric and symmetric cell division. When the pool of stem cells for a particular tissue needs to expand, which of these two cell division mechanisms is utilized?
The p53 pathway is important for regulating the cell cycle. In a normal cell, there is a protein called mdm2 that can bind to p53 and deactivate it. A diseased individual has amutation in the gene that codes for mdm2, resulting in an mdm2 protein that is less able to bind to p53. Will this mutation increase, decrease, or cause no change in the rate of cell death? Explain.
Explain how p53 functions as a tumor suppressor gene. How can mutations in p53 lead to cancer, and how might gene therapy or other drug interventions inhibit the growth of a tumor?
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When are cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) present inside the cell during the cell cycle? __________ When are cyclins present inside the cell during the cell cycle? __________ high right after mitosis and then rising throughout the cell cycle ; equally in all phases of the cell cycle low right after mitosis and then rising throughout the cell cycle ; equally in all phases of the cycle equally in all phases of the cycle ; high right after mitosis and then rising throughout the cell cycle equally in all phases of the cycle ; low right after mitosis and then rising throughout the cell cycle
You are working in a cell biology lab that investigates non-small cell lung cancer cells, which of these cellular features will be suggestive of senescence in the cells observed? Choose all that apply: Group of answer choices Large flattened morphology Reduced incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (in DNA replication) Increased p53 expression Decreased expression of p15INK4B
In cell growth, how does the normal allele of BRCA1 work? Is it an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene?
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How can defects in the regulation of cell-cyle checkpoints would affect cells and explain how these defects relate to uncontrolled division in cancer and cancer progression? Describe the movements of chromosomes and the status of the microtubules spindle during interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase? Explain the movement of chromosomes during stages of meoisis to produce sperm and eggs?
Why does a single mutation in a proto-oncogene, turning it into an oncogene potentially lead to a cancerous phenotype, while it takes two mutations in tumor suppressor genes to lead to a cancerous phenotype?