Differentiate between oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, showing the involvement of each in cancer and giving examples; as well discuss evidence for the two-hit model as it applies to TS genes.

Q: Using hemophilia as an example, discuss how mutations, genetics, and history interact in real-life…

A: Hemophilia It is a common hereditary coagulation blood disorder due to the deficiency or reduced…

Q: Explain the mechanism of warburg effect and how it benefits cancer cells.

A: The Warburg effect is observed mostly in cancerous cells to meet the energy requirement…

Q: ene therapy approaches have been studied for cancer gene therapy. These approaches include? (select…

A: Cancer Cancer is a serious disease marked by an abnormal and uncontrolled cell division of cells…

Q: Is there a possibility that by manipulating the microenvironment, we could disrupt the signals…

A: Mutator phenotype is seen in cancer cells. This condition is caused by mutations in genes that are…

Q: Explain the Role of proto-oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes ?

A: The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes induces cancers although the activation of the…

Q: What is the cancer stem cell hypothesis?

A: Every living organism is made up of cells. A cell is a small self-contained unit within a whole…

Q: You found a protein called X in colon cancer patients that is over-expressed and is associated with…

A: Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to other parts of…

Q: what category of cancer-related genes is it possible to find inherited variants that are associated…

A: Answer is option 3.

Q: New cases of cancer are expected to increase in the ensuing years. How can estimating the future…

A: Cancer is a medical condition in which there is an uncontrolled growth of certain body cells and…

Q: What rights does a cell donor have to stem cell lines or technologies created from cells they have…

A: Stem cells are unique human cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types. From muscle…

Q: In a study, where the causal relationship between alcohol drinking and colon cancer was studied,…

A: Epidemiology often involves comparison between two groups (populations) to establish a cause and…

Q: a study, where the causal relationship between alcohol drinking and colon cancer was studied, there…

A: Research design is framewok of research methods. Data collection, measurement, and analysis are the…

Q: Give two examples of how genomic studies have altered our understanding of cancers.

A: Cancer was initially described by Hippocrates when he identified two forms of cancer: ulcer forming…

Q: Describe three popular methods for silencing tumor-suppressor genes.

A: Introduction Tumor suppressor genes are those that slow down the division and development of cells.…

Q: Genetic tests that detect mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 oncogenes are widely available. These…

A: Young woman in a suspected breast cancer family takes the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic tests and receives…

Q: A cell in this stage of cancer no longer makes the set of proteins that is was originally instructed…

A: There are 3 pre cancerous stages -  1) hyperplasia  2) dysplasia  3) carcinoma in situ  Hyperplasia-…

Q: illustrate some of the molecular mechanisms leading from loss-of-function mutations in…

A: Tumor suppressing genes also known as Anti - oncogenes are the  regulatory genes which regulates…

Q: Discuss the interplay between genetics and environment in the development of cancer (it would be…

A: Research on several diseases have found that the cause of diseases are not only environmental or…

Q: The essay should focus on the following discussion points: The normal functions of the p53 gene.…

A: The primary or physical unit of heredity or distinct nucleotide sequences that can be found on…

Q: Which of the following statements describing mutations causing cancer is false? Group of answer…

A: Mutation refers to  any change in base sequence  of DNA. Mutagen is physical or chemical agent that…

Q: An individual can inherit a gene in which expression has been altered by an ________ change with no…

A:

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. To become cancer promoting, do…

A: Oncogene is a type of gene having the ability which can develop a cell to a tumor cell when…

Q: d)To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require (1 or 2)allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are…

A: Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal growth of cells, which tend to proliferate in an…

Q: The "initiation" stage of cancer refers to:     a)  The stage where DNA is mutated, and permanent…

A: Introduction :  Cancer is defined by the following characteristics: • Uncontrolled…

Q: How does the multistep model of cancer explain the observation that sporadic cases of retinoblastoma…

A: Disease is a sickness or illness characterized by specific symptoms and signs. Cancer is a…

Q: Explain what is meant by the “normalization window” for treatment of cancer with antiangiogenic…

A: A normal cell undergoes regulated division, differentiation and apoptosis. When normal cells have…

Q: Which of the following statements are true? I. Oncogenes isolated from a human tumor can transform…

A: Cancer is a disorder in which the cells of the multicellular organism lose their ability to…

Q: What are Ras protein and p53? How can mutations in the genes for these proteins contribute to…

A: TP53 is the gene that translates the protein called tumor protein p53 which acts as a tumor…

Q: How can genetic testing help in cancer diagnosis? Briefly explain

A: Cancer is a group of disease which involves abnormal growth of cell with the ability to spread to…

Q: stem cells undergo the fate decision process before developing into tissues or organs. This process…

A: A concept map is a map which tells us about diagrammatic relationship between concepts and helps us…

Q: Products of proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes can be     growth factors and growth factor…

A: Normal DNA contains a particular sequence of DNA. If the sequence of DNA is changed due to external…

Q: What would make someone think they might have developed cancer and seek medical testing? What steps…

A: Cancer is a diseases which causes uncontrollably cells division spreading in and around the tissues…

Q: What is the AR?   What is the OR?   Please interpret the OR and make sure to state a time frame…

A: Hello. Since your question has multiple parts, we will solve first question for you. If you want…

Q: Explain the following figure. According to this model, what are the two major phases of metastasis…

A: The figures tells about the metastasis. Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells to the healthy or…

Q: What is meant by targeted cancer therapies, and what advantages do they offer?

A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…

Q: Describe and explain the epidemiological evidence supporting the view that cancer develops through a…

A: Note- as we are allowed to do only one question at a time. Kindly repost the other question…

Q: What are the major differences between a tumor initiator (e.g., DMBA) and a tumor promoting agent…

A: Cancer is a disease in which cells, almost anywhere in the body, begin to divide uncontrollably…

Q: Mutations that increase the creation of blood vessels and turn on expression of telomerase are....…

A: Reactivation of telomerase could be valuable in certain types of cell treatment and doesn't seem…

Q: Briefly explain the role of genetic testing and the following inherited gene mutations linked to…

A: Genetic testing is a type of medical test which is performe to know the defective gene or proteins…

Q: hat risk factors exist that make individuals more susceptible to this type of disease? Are there any…

A: Abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body, that group…

Q: Hello! Discuss the onco-suppressive function of xenophagy + ( role of adaptors, compare and contrast…

A: Xenophagy is the process of consuming and digesting foreign cells or material. This can happen in…

Q: Discuss the concept of cancer survivorship ?

A: Survivorship in cancer refers to the health and well-being of a cancer patient from the time of…

Q: If a particular proto-oncogene has been altered by mutation into an oncogene such that it is…

A: Proto oncogenes are the genes which are inactivated in normal cell but when they get activated, it…

Q: In the video, Cancer Warrior, all of the following experimental models were used EXCEPT:   a.…

A: Cancer Warrior is the video of Dr. Judah Folkman struggle against the grain of many in the cancer…

Q: Tumour-suppressor genes Question 9 options: A are frequently overexpressed in cancerous cells. B…

A: Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled cell division leading to tumor growth . Cancer is caused…

Q: What are the challenges of developing anti-cancer drugs? Discuss with example. SHORT ANSWER

A: These drugs are used for the patient who is having a malignant or cancerous disease. These drugs are…

Q: What are the key steps of transformation, tumorigenesis and metastasis on a cellular and tissue…

A: Transformation is a process in which a normal cell is transform into a cancerous cell  Tumor genesis…

Q: Discuss the challenges of producing anticancer drugs that counteract the effects of mutations in…

A: Tumor suppressor genes are the genes that decline the cell division process, acts in programmed cell…

Q: what are the rolls that the p53 gene and RAS protein take on when trying to stop a cancer cell from…

A: Given: Role of p53 and RAS protein to stop a cancer cell from replication. What happens if mutation…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.