Discuss the potential side effect of the drugs cyclosporineand tacrolimus, which function by inhibiting cytokine production (rather than inhibiting specific responses to transplanted organs).

Q: pattern recognition receptor is cell receptor on a. cytokine b. monocyte c. epitope d. A and B

A: Pattern recognition receptor is found on the cells in our immune system.

Q: Explain how and why antihistamines have a soothing effect on IgE-mediated allergy.

A: Histamine are released by mast cells in most tissue and basophils  in blood also. Or stored in…

Q: Describe two methods used to reduce the severity of atissue rejection reaction.

A: Tissue transplantation is a method adopted to repair damaged tissue by extracting the tissue cell…

Q: List specific reasons why the inflammatoryresponse is considered a body defense mechanism.

A: Red blood cells also claimed as erythrocytes, white blood cells also dignified as leukocytes, and…

Q: Describe three circumstances that might cause antibodies to developagainst self tissues.

A: The immune system in the body act as a defense system. It fights against disease and infection. The…

Q: Suggest how treating cancers using monoclonal antibodies could cause fewer side-effects than…

A: Answer CANCER is the disease in which the body's cell starts dividing without stopping and spreads…

Q: Discuss the differences between humoral and cell mediated immunity in terms of chemicals and cells…

A: In Biology, humoral alludes to any process that relies upon the creation of bodily humor like, for…

Q: define what type II hypersensitivity is. What antibodies are involved? What is the immune system…

A: This is an antibody dependent process where specific antibody binds to antigen results in…

Q: What is the mechanism by which the AIDS virus causes deficiency ofimmune system of the infected…

A: Viruses can spread through various agents such as air, water, direct contact, and by other means.…

Q: Discuss the difference between him oral and cell mediated immunity in terms of chemicals and cells…

A: Definition Humoral immunity refers to immunity mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular…

Q: Describe the process of desensitization that reduces the IgE response to an allergen.

A: The term "desensitization" refers to an immunological procedure that involves producing specific…

Q: Compare and contrast the autoimmune processes causing myasthenia gravis and Graves’ disease.

A: Acquired myasthenia gravis is a prototypical, antibody-mediated autoimmune disorder of the…

Q: Discuss the involvement of T cells in organ transplantation and the diff erent ways that grafted…

A: Immunology is an important branch of biology which include the study of immunity of different…

Q: Discuss the definition, classification and variety of tumour-derived antigens

A: The cell division process in humans significantly regulates cell differentiation and proliferation.…

Q: For the process of inflammation, account for the following: (a) the role of cohesive molecules in…

A: Inflammation is a cycle by which your body's white platelets and the things they make to shield you…

Q: Explain what factors of the immune system contribute to transplant rejection.

A: The process of movement of organs, tissues, or cells, from the donor to recipient or from one region…

Q: Barriers to using pig organs in human transplantation are _____. (Select all that apply.) a. the…

A: Graft rejection is one of the major problems in xenotransplantation. It is important to understand…

Q: The pathogenesis of food allergy involves:       a)  The production of immunoglobulin G to…

A: The immune system is a control network of organs and immune cells that detect and kill foreign…

Q: The indirect reason for the appearance of skin lesions due to a Type IV hypersensitivity is Tc cells…

A: Hypersensitivity  Hypersensitivity or hypersensitive reactions are intolerance type reactions which…

Q: a.    While surface properties influence the interaction with the surrounding tissue, thus the…

A: Introduction Controlling cell–material interactions, which will decide the effectiveness of tissue…

Q: entify the three conditions caused by IgE medicated allergic reaction.

A: The allergens cause type hypersensitivity or acute hypersensitivity, which causes the person to…

Q: Describe the reasons of extensive usage of corticosteroids in the treatment of autoimmune diseases…

A: Corticosteroids are the anti inflammatory drugs which lowers the inflammation in the body.…

Q: Diagram 10.2 shows defence mechanism P and Q which occur in the body to fight invading pathogens.…

A: Immunity is defined as the capacity of the body to resist pathogenic agents. The immune system is…

Q: Examples of PAMPs include. check all that apply   Toll receptorsunchecked…

A: When a pathogenic microorganism enters our body it causes infection, to protect from that our immune…

Q: Trace the course of a pollen grain through sensitization and provocation in type I allergies.…

A: Pollen grains are the male gametes produced from anthers. These pollen grains are minute and…

Q: Different MHC I molecules between donor and recipient cells can lead to rejection of a transplanted…

A: MHC class I molecules are expressed on the cell surface of all nucleated cells and present peptide…

Q: Describe the mechanisms by which circulating phagocytic cellsare recruited to a site of infection.

A: Phagocytosis is a process by which the cell engulfs the antigen by using its plasma membrane.

Q: Describe the potential problems that would arise if a personhad an acquired inability to phagocytose…

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of the organism to resist against infections or diseases by…

Q: Discuss the involvement of T cells in organ transplantation and thedifferent ways that grafted…

A: The role of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules is to attach to peptide fragments…

Q: Type I (immediate) hypersensitivity A. is mediated by IgE B. is mediated by T lymphocytes…

A: Hypersensitivity refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system including…

Q: Discuss the role of immunosuppressive therapy in organ transplantation and in the treatment of…

A: A medical procedure that includes the removal of the organ from one body and the placement of that…

Q: Please select the characteristics or components of Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions Complement is…

A: Hypersensitivity reactions are the immune response that is inappropriate or exaggerated against an…

Q: Explain why immunosuppressive drugs should be taken on aregular and permanent basis following a…

A: Tissue or organ transplant is a process in which damaged or severely injured tissue or organs are…

Q: For allograft transplantation: (a) How do doctors avoid hyperacute rejection?

A: Transplant rejection is the point at which the organ beneficiary's immune framework recognises the…

Q: List the key characteristics of an adaptive immune response and describe the process the adaptive…

A: Adaptive Immunity is mediated by T cells and B cells. It is most commonly referred to as acquired…

Q: Which ONE of the following is TRUE regarding adult T‐cell leukaemia‐lymphoma?

A: Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) is a disease which refers to the mature T cell neoplasm of…

Q: Identify the mechanism used by phagocytes to inducepathogen killing.

A: Immune system protects the body against infection. It is a complex network of cells and proteins.…

Q: 1) Discuss the formation of ABH antigens 2) Enumerate the components of CPDA-1 and discuss their…

A: The inheritance of the ABO blood group was demonstrated that each individual inherits one ABO gene…

Q: Explain why Kaposi’s sarcoma is more common inimmunocompromised patients.

A: The immunocompromised patients are the patients who have impaired or weakened immune systems and do…

Q: Define the sequence of events for processing and presentingantigens from both intracellular…

A: An antigen is a foreign protein, which is recognized by our immune cells.

Q: Describe one example of a type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction.

A: Hypersensitivity is an exaggerated response of the immune system against any antigen or pathogen.…

Q: Discuss the processes of Humoral Immunity creating memory of an infection, including the…

A: Humoral immunity is mediated by secreted antibodies, and its physiological role is to protect the…

Q: Compare the cells & moleculesthat produce Humoral Immunitywith those that produce Cell-Mediated…

A: Humoral immunity involved the production of antibodies called the immunoglobulin and is brought…

Q: Discuss the differences between humoral and cell mediated immunity in terms of chemicals and cells…

A:

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.