Draw the structures of glucose, pyruvate, and acetyl coenzyme A; number (label) the carbons in each.
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- The Krebs cycle converts ________ through a cycle of reactions. In the process, ATP, ________, and ________ are produced. acetyl CoA; FAD, NAD acetyl CoA; FADH2; NADH pyruvate; NAD; FADH2 pyruvate; oxygen; oxaloacetate5. a) The cell creates molecules of NADH and FADH2to use in the electron transport chain as they are electron carrier molecules. The electron transfers from these moleculesdrives the movement of what molecule across the mitochondrial membrane?b) What is chemiosmosis?c) How does the cell use chemiosmosis to drive overcome the thermodynamic barrier of bringing phosphates close togehter to create ATP?d) What steps of oxidative phosphorylation are in the cytosol and which are in the mitochondria?e) Cellular respiration can be controlled at the post-translational level. What does this mean, using GLUT as an example? Why is post-translational control of GLUT evolutionarilyadaptive over transcriptional control?f) How does establishment of equillibria of various molecules control metabolic reactions? What are three ways high ATP in the cell control cellular respiration?g) Why are the enzymes controlling the initial steps of various biochemical pathways are targeted by allosteric control?#1) As electrons move through the mitochondrial space? A) water is oxidized B) the PH of the intermembrane space decreases C) they will no longer be able to perform anaerobic respiration #2) A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from skeletal muscle cells. However, the muscles still function. Phisicans find what? A) the muscles contain large amounts of carbon dioxide following even mild physical exercise B) the muscle cells cannot split glucose to pyruvate C) the muscles require extremly high levels of oxygen to function #3) Bacteria that are unable to survive in the presence of oxygen are called? A) obligate anaerobes B) aerotolerant anaerobes C) facultative anaerobes #4) A friend tells you that he is going on a low-carb diet to lose weight because he thinks that carbs contain more energy than fats or protein. What would you tell your friend about his plan? A) This is a good idea because sugars have more electrons than fats and protein B) This is an…
- 5.6. When animal cells produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle and electron-transport chain, the cells: BIOCHEMISTRY_advanced a) are in the presence of one of these carbohydrates: glucose, fructose, lactose. b) are in aerobic conditions. c) produce two molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) at every turn of Krebs cycle. d) produce ATP, thanks to a mitochondrial H+ gradient coupled to the electron-transport chain. e) require mitochondrial cytochrom C for ATP production downstream of the electron-transport chain.Which statement about the ETC is/are FALSE? A. Cytochrome c is freely moving and faces the mitochondrial matrix B. The four respiratory complexes move within the mitochondrial membrane C. CoQ & cytochrome c are not part of the complex but are e- carriers D. CoQ is freely moving within the hydrophilic part of the lipid component of the membrane6. Which of the following components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is the only one to be considered a peripheral protein? the cytochrome a-a3 complex the cytochrome c oxidase complex coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) the cytochrome b-c1 complex cytochrome c
- 1. ATP are produced per glucose molecule in the mitochondrial cristae, specifically in the series of electron carriers embedded in the membrane. ___________ is the final electron acceptor in this chain, and as ATP are produced, this molecule combines with hydrogen ions to form water. A. 36 or 38; carbon dioxide C. 36 or 38; oxygen B. 32 or 34; carbon dioxide D. 32 or 34; oxygen 2. In the Krebs Cycle, hydrogen atoms and electrons are transferred to A. NAD+ making NADH B. FAD making FADH2 C. Both A and D. Neither A nor B. 3. Which product(s) of the preparatory (prep) reaction go on to enter the Krebs cycle? A. All of these products go on to enter the Krebs cycle. B. 2 acetyl~CoA C. 2 NADH D. 2 CO2The mitochondrial membrane potential is an indicator of cell viability. Think about mitochondrial function and decide which of these statements best describes the mitochondrial membrane potential. a.) A voltage that reflects the movement of ATP across the outer mitochondrial membrane b.) A voltage that reflects the movement of protons across the outer mitochondrial membrane c.) A voltage that reflects the movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane d.) A voltage that reflects the movement of ATP across the inner mitochondrial membraneAssuming that 3 H+ are transported per ATP synthesized in the mitochondrial matrix, the membrane potential difference is 0.18V (negative inside), and the pH difference is 2 unit (acid outside, basic inside), calculate the largest ratio of ATP/(ADP)(Pi) under which synthesis of ATP can occur. (gas constant 8.3J/mole, F is 96,485 kJ/V, T in , Co +273)
- 1. Label each statement about electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation as true or false and state why you say so. a. The electron transport chain involves four enzyme complexes found in mitochondria. b. NADH and FADH2 are oxidized in the electron transport chain. c. HCN is a poison that binds to the ATP synthase enzyme, thus inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. d. During electron transport, H+ is pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix.9 .The energy of electron transport (by the ETC) serves to move protons (hydrogen ions, or H+) to the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. How does this help the mitochondrion produce ATP? a) This movement of protons sets up the electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis in the mitochondrion. b) The protons pick up electrons from the electron transport chain on their way through the inner mitochondrial membrane c) The protons receive electrons from the NAD+ and FAD that were accepted in glycolysis ad the citric acid cycle d) The protons are transferred to oxygen in an energy-releasing reactionWhat is the major route for protons moving from the inter membrane space back into the mitochondrial matrix during oxidative phosphorylation? 1. Protons carried across the membrane by a molecule of dinitrophenol 2. Protons are transported along with ADP by the ATP/ADP translocase.3. Protons enter the half channel in subunit a facing the inter membrane space and exit via the half channel facing the mitochondrial matrix. Choose 1 correct answer explain? Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion