During the year, Japan had a current-account surplus of 98 billion. What is the gap between Japan’s national expenditure and its national income? Explain. What is the gap between Japan’s savings and its domestic investment? Explain. Suppose the Japanese government’s budget ran a 22 billion surplus during the year. What can you conclude about Japan’s private savings-investment balance for the year? Explain.
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- Imagine that the U.S. economy finds itself in the following situation: a government budget deficit of 100 billion, total domestic savings of 1,500 billion, and total domestic physical capital investment of 1,600 billion. According to the national saving and Investment Identity, what will be the current account balance? What will be the current account balance if Investment rises by 50 billion, while the budget deficit and national savings remain the same?Explain the relationship between a current account deficit or surplus and the flow of funds.Imagine that the U.S. economy finds itself in the following situation: a government budget deficit of $100 billion, total domestic savings of $1,500 billion, and total domestic physical capital investment of $1,600 billion. According to the national saving and investment identity, what will be the trade balance? What will be the trade balance if investment rises by $50 billion, while the budget deficit and national savings remain the same?
- You are the economic advisor to the Government of Sweden, a country that is not a member of the European Union but trades quite a bit with EU countries and with whom there is a high degree of capital mobility. (a) Suppose that the members of the European Union enact a large tax cut financed by a large increase in their deficit. What should happen to exchange rates in Sweden? What should happen to Sweden’s trade balance? Show the effects using appropriately labeled graphs, including that of the foreign exchange market. (b) Suppose instead that the European Central bank increase the money supply. What should happen to exchange rates in Sweden? What should happen to Sweden’s trade balance? Show the effects using appropriately labeled graphs, including that of the foreign exchange market. (c) If you are very interested in keeping the Swedish exchange rate constant at the rate it was before the EU tax cut, what specific policy would you recommend to do this, i.e. to keep your currency from…Suppose that during 2004, country A had exports of goods of $50, imports of goods of $60, exports of servicces plus investment income receipts from abroad of $36, and imports of services plus the sending of payments of investment income abroad of $30. In addition, during 2004, country A made $15 of unilateral transfers abroad and received no unilateral transfers from abroad. Given this information, country A's "balance on current account" in 2004 was a. a $19 deficit b. a $10 deficit c. a $4 deficit d. a $6 surplusWhy are net exports and net capital outflow always equal? Derive the relation between savings,domestic investment, and net capital outflow using the national income accounting identity.
- Consider a hypothetical open economy. The following table presents data on the relationship between various real interest rates and national saving, domestic investment, and net capital outflow in this economy, where the currency is the U.S. dollar. Assume that the economy is currently experiencing a balanced government budget. Real Interest Rate National Saving Domestic Investment Net Capital Outflow (Percent) (Billions of dollars) (Billions of dollars) (Billions of dollars) 7 60 25 -10 6 55 30 -5 5 50 35 0 4 45 40 5 3 40 45 10 2 35 50 15 Given the information in the preceding table, use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot the demand for loanable funds. Next, use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the supply of loanable funds. Finally, use the black point (cross symbol) to indicate the equilibrium in this market. On the following graph, plot the relationship between the real…You have the following annual figures for the New Zealand economy. Investment expenditure $42.5 billion Government savings -$1.7 billion Many politicians and commentators would like to see continued increases in investment and current account surpluses rather than deficits. If these events are to occur, what else must be happening in the economy? 1. The Government must raise the retirement age. 2. Government spending must fall 3. National savings (private and government) must rise 4. New Zealand must restrict foreign ownership of land and other assetsA country finds itself in the following situation: a government budget deficit of $1200; total domestic savings of $400, and total domestic physical capital investment of $1300. According to the national saving and investment identity, if investment decreases by $300 while the government budget deficit and savings remain the same, what will be the new value of the trade deficit after investment decrease?
- Consider a hypothetical open economy. The following table presents data on the relationship between various real interest rates and national saving, domestic investment, and net capital outflow in this economy, where the currency is the U.S. dollar. Assume that the economy is currently experiencing a balanced government budget. Real Interest Rate National Saving Domestic Investment Net Capital Outflow (Percent) (Billions of dollars) (Billions of dollars) (Billions of dollars) 7 45 25 -10 6 40 30 -5 5 35 35 0 4 30 40 5 3 25 45 10 2 20 50 15 3. Effects of a government budget deficit Consider a hypothetical open economy. The following table presents data on the relationship between various real interest rates and national saving, domestic investment, and net capital outflow in this economy, where the currency is the U.S. dollar. Assume that the economy is currently experiencing a balanced government budget. Real Interest Rate National…“There has been a turnaround from the sizeable net outflows over the past two years when South African companies stepped up their efforts to internationalise their businesses. The shift in direct investment trends made a small contribution to improving the financial account of South Africa’s balance of payments, which showed a surplus of 3.5% for the third quarter, up from 1.3% the previous quarter. The Reserve Bank’s quarterly bulletin shows that capital inflows were more than adequate to finance the deficit on the current account deficit of the balance of payments, which widened to 4.1% from a revised 2.9% in the third quarter. Economists expect that the current account deficit, which tends to be a driver of the rand exchange rate, will narrow again in the fourth quarter as exports pick up again” (Joffe, 2016). In your opinion, can the government keep export demand stimulated such that the balance of payments remains dazzlingConsider a hypothetical open economy. The following table presents data on the relationship between various real interest rates and national saving, domestic investment, and net capital outflow in this economy, where the currency is the U.S. dollar. Assume that the economy is currently experiencing a balanced government budget. Real Interest Rate National Saving Domestic Investment Net Capital Outflow (Percent) (Billions of dollars) (Billions of dollars) (Billions of dollars) 7 50 25 -15 6 45 35 -10 5 40 45 -5 4 35 55 0 3 30 65 5 2 25 75 10 Given the information in the preceding table, use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot the demand for loanable funds. Next, use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the supply of loanable funds. Finally, use the black point (cross symbol) to indicate the equilibrium in this market. Market for Loanable FundsDemandSupplyEquilibrium0204060801001086420REAL INTEREST RATEQUANTITY OF LOANABLE FUNDS…