Emtricitabine (2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine, abbreviated as FTC) is a nucleoside analog that is used to treat HIV. It works by reversibly binding to HIV reversetranscriptase (HIV RT) and by doing so, inhibits the virus from replicating itself. In an experiment, FTC and purified HIV RT are mixed at low concentrations and allowed toreach equilibrium. The concentrations measured are [FTC] = 10 nM, [HIV RT] = 37.5 nM, and [HIV RT-FTC] = 2.5 µM, for the equilibrium FTC + HIV RT= HIV RT-FTC.What is the Kd in nM?

HIV: (human immunodeficiency virus) this is a virus that can attack our immune system. This virus…

Answered: Emtricitabine…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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You are tasked with cultivating the following microorganisms:A recombinant strain of E. coliA wild strain of Streptomyces clavuligerus• Suggest a storage method for each microorganism and justify your choice. You have at your disposal a refrigerator and an ultrafreezer, in addition to materials and conditions for handling microorganisms.• Propose a culture medium for each (choose a complex medium for one organism and a synthetic medium for the other)As a complement of nutrients, they must be indicated on the following scale: +++ : above 5 g/L++ : from 1 to 5 g/L+ : below 1 g/L• Describe the procedure for preparing and sterilizing the components of the culture media for a volume of 5.0 L• Make a bench process selection scheme, up to the step of selecting a benchtop reactor 5 L.
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Researchers have been determining the nucleotide sequences of variant forms of SARS-CoV-2, looking for versions of the virus that might be more easily transmitted between humans or that might be more deadly. (a) For example, one mutation in a viral gene changed a GAU codon to a GGU codon. How does this change affect the sequence of the polypeptide encoded by that gene? (b) In another variant form of the virus, a gene is missing six consecutive nucleotides. How would this change affect the sequence of the polypeptide encoded by that gene? (c) In another coronavirus variant, the spike protein (the prominent protein on the surface of the virus) contains a histidine residue where an aspartate (aspartic acid) residue should be. Describe a point mutation in the coronavirus genome that could have caused this change in the spike protein.

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