ENZYME/PATHWAY 1. phosphofructokinase-1 2. pyruvate dehydrogenase complex 3. Krebs cycle 4. lactic acid fermentation 5. carboxylase activity of RuBisCO 6. non-cyclic light reactions of photosynthesis 7. hormone sensitive lipase 8. acyl CoA dehydrogenase CONDITION high [citrate] low [Pi] low [oxygen] leg muscles during a 100-m sprint hot dry conditions low NADP+ levels an hour after a sumptuous dinner prior to collection of blood sample for fasting blood sugar determination
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Indicate what will happen (increase, decrease or no effect) to the activity of the enzyme or rate of the
![ENZYME/PATHWAY
1. phosphofructokinase-1
2. pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
3. Krebs cycle
4. lactic acid fermentation
5. carboxylase activity of RuBisCO
6. non-cyclic light reactions of photosynthesis
7. hormone sensitive lipase
8. acyl CoA dehydrogenase
CONDITION
high [citrate]
low [Pi]
low [oxygen]
leg muscles during a 100-m sprint
hot dry conditions
low NADP+ levels
an hour after a sumptuous dinner
prior to collection of blood sample for fasting
blood sugar determination](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fa03f916f-8e6a-4e4b-a01c-86a4f406f17c%2Fa4f745d2-6927-41f9-a116-30cdbeb3a1e1%2Fpljzpjv_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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- Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by· NIADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by AΤΡ. Citrate synthase is inhibited by NADH. Succinyl-CoA activates citrate synthase. Acetyl-CoA activates pyruvate carboxylase.Figure 27.3 illustrates the response of R (ATP-regenerating) and U (ATP-utilizing) enzymes to energy charge. a. Would hexokinase be an R enzyme or a U enzyme? Would glutamine: PRPP amidotransferase, the second enzyme in purine biosynthesis, be an R enzyme or a U enzyme? b. If energy charge = 0.5: Is the activity of hexokinase high or low? Is ribose-5-P pyrophosphokinase activity high or low? c. If energy charge = 0.95: Is the activity of hexokinase high or low? Is ribose-5-P pyrophosphokinase activity high or low?How Do Vitamin-Derived Coenzymes Aid Metabolism? What chemical functionality is provided to enzyme reactions by pyridoxal phosphate (we Chapter 13)? By coenzyme A (see Chapter I9)? By vitamin B12 (see Chapter 23)? By thiamine pyrophosphate (see Chapter 19)?
- Citrate (the product of the first step of the TCA cycle) is considered to be a sign of high energy. 1. Which step of glycolysis does citrate regulate (does it activate or inhibit that step?) 2. WHY exactly is citrate considered a sign of high energy?Fatty acid biosynthesis differs from β-oxidation in that: A. NADP+ is used in biosynthesis but not in β-oxidation. B. Biosynthesis uses malonyl-CoA while β-oxidation does not. C. Biosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasm while β-oxidation occurs in the mitochondria. D. Biosynthesis is a reductive process while β-oxidation is oxidation.Please answer as many as possible 1. Substrate regulation of glycolysis and citric acid cycle (fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, ADP, AMP-positive effectors of glycolysis enzymes; ATP, citrate, NADH, acetyl-CoA-negative effectors of glycolysis enzymes; ADP, AMP-positive effectors of citric acid cycle enzymes; ATP, NADH-negative effectors of citric acid cycle enzymes). 2. The role of the liver in the regulation of glucose concentration. 3. Hormonal regulation of glucose metabolism (the influence of epinephrine, glucagon, glucocorticoids, ACTH, STH, the central role of insulin in regulation of glucose metabolism). 4. Peculiarities of carbohydrate metabolism in the liver and muscles. 5. Peculiarities of carbohydrate metabolism in tumor cells.
- Select which of the following enzymes unique to glycolysis are also sites of regulation for glycolysis. Select all that apply. a) glyceraldehyde 3 P dehydrogenase b) PFK c) pyruvate kinase d) hexokinase e) enolase f) phosphoglycerate mutaseATP levels are high in the liver, NADPH levels are low, but fat biosynthesis needs to happen. What is the function of the pentose phosphate pathway? a. Mode 1 - NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate are being generated b. Mode 2 - ribose 5-phosphate is needed, so only the non-oxidative portion is being used for carbon skeleton rearrangments c. Mode 3 - NADPH is needed, so oxidative portion is operating to make NADPH and non-oxidative portion is operating to regenerate glucose 6-phosphate d. Mode 4 - NADPH and ATP are needed, so oxidative portion makes NADPH, non-oxidative portion does carbon skeleton rearrangements to fuel glycolysis and make ATPI'm confused about glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Question: What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in gluconeogenesis? Would the answer be -> Oxidation of NADH and release of an ADP from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or -> Oxidation of NADH and release of phosphate from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or -> Oxidation of NADH and release of phosphate from 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate
- ATP levels are high in the liver, NADPH levels are low, but fat biosynthesis needs to happen. What is the function of the pentose phosphate pathway? Mode 1 - NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate are being generated Mode 2 - ribose 5-phosphate is needed, so only the non-oxidative portion is being used for carbon skeleton rearrangments Mode 3 - NADPH is needed, so oxidative portion is operating to make NADPH and non-oxidative portion is operating to regenerate glucose 6-phosphate Mode 4 - NADPH and ATP are needed, so oxidative portion makes NADPH, non-oxidative portion does carbon skeleton rearrangements to fuel glycolysis and make ATPThe Krebs cycle reaction shown below is catalyzed by __ enzyme and ___ pays for this reaction note only major metabolites are shown a. Synthetase, hydrolysis of acetyl CoA b. Synthase, hydrolysis of acetyl CoA c. Synthase, hydrolysis of NADH d. Synthetase, hydrolysis of ATPWhich statement does NOT describe a general function of the pentose phosphate pathway? Group of answer choices The pentose phosphate pathway is used to produce NADPH for reductive biosynthesis in adipocytes. The pentose phosphate pathway allows for the entry of dietary pentose intermediates into the glycolytic pathway. The pentose phosphate pathway produces reduced molecules whose electrons may be shuttled to the mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation. The pentose phosphate pathway allows for the conversion of hexoses into pentoses that may be used as precursors in the synthesis of nucleosides.