Explain how static fields and static methods differ from instance variables and regular methods

Can a static method be called a non-static method?

Java Programming Problem 2 – Message Encoder, Decoder   Create an interface MessageEncoder that has a single abstract method encode(plainText), where plainText is the message to be encoded. The method will return the encoded message.   Create a class SubstitutionCipher that implements the interface MessageEncoder, as described above. The constructor should have one parameter called shift. Define the method encode so that each letter is shifted by the value in shift. Defne the method encode so that each letter is shifted by the value in shift. For example, if shift is 3, a will be replaced by d, b will be replaced by e, c will be replaced by f, and so on. (Hint: You may wish to define a private method that shifts a single character.)   Create a class ShuffleCipher that implements the interface MessageEncoder, as described above. The constructor should have one parameter called n. Define the method encode so that the message is shuffled n times. To perform one shuffle, split the message…

Provide the UML class diagram for your Fraction class in the following program class Fraction {        private double numerator;        private double denominator;          // Getter and setter method for numerator        public double getDecimalValue() {               return numerator / denominator;        }        public double getNumerator() {               return numerator;        }        public void setNumerator(double numerator) {               this.numerator = numerator;        }        // Getter and setter method for denominator        public double getDenominator() {               return denominator;        }        public void setDenominator(double denominator) {               this.denominator = denominator;        }       //method isZero()        public boolean isZero() {               boolean isZero = false;               //check if numerator is zero or not               if (numerator == 0) {                      isZero = true;               }               return isZero;…