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FIGURE 20.2 The Holliday model for homologous recombination. The Holliday model is adapted from R. Holliday (1964), A mechanism for gene conversion in fungi. Genet Res 5, 282–304. (b): From: H. Potter and D. Dressler, "DNA Recombination: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies," Sister chromatids ONLINE ANIMATION Homologous chromatids Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1979. 43: 969-985, ©Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Image provided by Huntington Potter, Ph.D. a b CONCEPT CHECK: Explain why a heteroduplex region may be produced after branch migration occurs. 3' Both chromatids are nicked at 'identical locations. Nicks The DNA strands to the left of the nicks invade the homologous chromatids and covalently link to the strands to the right of the nicks. -Holliday junction The Holliday junction migrates from left to right. This is called branch migration. It creates 2 heteroduplex regions. (b) Micrograph of a Holliday junction Two heteroduplex regions that have a few base mismatches In this next step, the figure is simply redrawn by bending | the ends labeled A and B upward, and bending the ends labeled a and b downward. This makes it look more like a true Holliday junction. The Holliday junction is viewed in two different planes. End result A B в в The strands are Short connected to create nonrecombinant The strands that were originally nicked are broken. chromosomes with a short heteroduplex region. heteroduplex region a b Nonrecombinant chromosomes with a heteroduplex region Viewed in a different plane |(when rotated 180°) AB в, The strands that were not originally nicked are broken. в, The strands are connected Short heteroduplex region to create recombinant chromosomes with a short heteroduplex region. аь Recombinant chromosomes with a heteroduplex region (a) The Holliday model for homologous recombination

FIGURE 20.2 The Holliday model for homologous recombination. The Holliday model is adapted from R. Holliday (1964), A mechanism for gene conversion in fungi. Genet Res 5, 282–304. (b): From: H. Potter and D. Dressler, "DNA Recombination: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies," Sister chromatids ONLINE ANIMATION Homologous chromatids Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1979. 43: 969-985, ©Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Image provided by Huntington Potter, Ph.D. a b CONCEPT CHECK: Explain why a heteroduplex region may be produced after branch migration occurs. 3' Both chromatids are nicked at 'identical locations. Nicks The DNA strands to the left of the nicks invade the homologous chromatids and covalently link to the strands to the right of the nicks. -Holliday junction The Holliday junction migrates from left to right. This is called branch migration. It creates 2 heteroduplex regions. (b) Micrograph of a Holliday junction Two heteroduplex regions that have a few base mismatches In this next step, the figure is simply redrawn by bending | the ends labeled A and B upward, and bending the ends labeled a and b downward. This makes it look more like a true Holliday junction. The Holliday junction is viewed in two different planes. End result A B в в The strands are Short connected to create nonrecombinant The strands that were originally nicked are broken. chromosomes with a short heteroduplex region. heteroduplex region a b Nonrecombinant chromosomes with a heteroduplex region Viewed in a different plane |(when rotated 180°) AB в, The strands that were not originally nicked are broken. в, The strands are connected Short heteroduplex region to create recombinant chromosomes with a short heteroduplex region. аь Recombinant chromosomes with a heteroduplex region (a) The Holliday model for homologous recombination

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Chapter17: Bacterial And Viral Genetics
Section: Chapter Questions
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In the Holliday model for homologous recombination shown,                       the resolution steps can produce recombinant or nonrecombinant
chromosomes. Explain how this can occur.

FIGURE 20.2 The Holliday model for homologous recombination. The Holliday model is adapted from R. Holliday (1964), A mechanism for gene conversion in fungi. Genet Res 5, 282–304. (b): From: H. Potter and D. Dressler, "DNA Recombination: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies," Sister chromatids ONLINE ANIMATION Homologous chromatids Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1979. 43: 969-985, ©Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Image provided by Huntington Potter, Ph.D. a b CONCEPT CHECK: Explain why a heteroduplex region may be produced after branch migration occurs. 3' Both chromatids are nicked at 'identical locations. Nicks The DNA strands to the left of the nicks invade the homologous chromatids and covalently link to the strands to the right of the nicks. -Holliday junction The Holliday junction migrates from left to right. This is called branch migration. It creates 2 heteroduplex regions. (b) Micrograph of a Holliday junction
Transcribed Image Text:FIGURE 20.2 The Holliday model for homologous recombination. The Holliday model is adapted from R. Holliday (1964), A mechanism for gene conversion in fungi. Genet Res 5, 282–304. (b): From: H. Potter and D. Dressler, "DNA Recombination: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies," Sister chromatids ONLINE ANIMATION Homologous chromatids Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1979. 43: 969-985, ©Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Image provided by Huntington Potter, Ph.D. a b CONCEPT CHECK: Explain why a heteroduplex region may be produced after branch migration occurs. 3' Both chromatids are nicked at 'identical locations. Nicks The DNA strands to the left of the nicks invade the homologous chromatids and covalently link to the strands to the right of the nicks. -Holliday junction The Holliday junction migrates from left to right. This is called branch migration. It creates 2 heteroduplex regions. (b) Micrograph of a Holliday junction
Two heteroduplex regions that have a few base mismatches In this next step, the figure is simply redrawn by bending | the ends labeled A and B upward, and bending the ends labeled a and b downward. This makes it look more like a true Holliday junction. The Holliday junction is viewed in two different planes. End result A B в в The strands are Short connected to create nonrecombinant The strands that were originally nicked are broken. chromosomes with a short heteroduplex region. heteroduplex region a b Nonrecombinant chromosomes with a heteroduplex region Viewed in a different plane |(when rotated 180°) AB в, The strands that were not originally nicked are broken. в, The strands are connected Short heteroduplex region to create recombinant chromosomes with a short heteroduplex region. аь Recombinant chromosomes with a heteroduplex region (a) The Holliday model for homologous recombination
Transcribed Image Text:Two heteroduplex regions that have a few base mismatches In this next step, the figure is simply redrawn by bending | the ends labeled A and B upward, and bending the ends labeled a and b downward. This makes it look more like a true Holliday junction. The Holliday junction is viewed in two different planes. End result A B в в The strands are Short connected to create nonrecombinant The strands that were originally nicked are broken. chromosomes with a short heteroduplex region. heteroduplex region a b Nonrecombinant chromosomes with a heteroduplex region Viewed in a different plane |(when rotated 180°) AB в, The strands that were not originally nicked are broken. в, The strands are connected Short heteroduplex region to create recombinant chromosomes with a short heteroduplex region. аь Recombinant chromosomes with a heteroduplex region (a) The Holliday model for homologous recombination
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