For the heparin-coated membrane oxygenator, what is the function of the heparin in the design Explain the design, function and disadvantages of the three types of oxygenators used in the cardiopulmonary bypass

Q: Differentiate vasculogenesis from angiogenesis. Explain why blood vessels degenerate as well as the…

A: Vasculogenesis is the process of blood vessel formation from endothelial progenitor cells.…

Q: Many of the subdivisions of the CPT manual in which cardiovascular codes are found contain notes.…

A: The CPT or Current Procedural Terminology manual is a set of codes that are divided into different…

Q: Briefly describe and explain how two cardiovascular diseases can be caused by atrial fibrillation.

A: Irregular puls of heart is one of the serious  causes of cardiovascular disease. Many cardiovescular…

Q: In the following graph, curve (line) N represents a vascular function curve (venous return curve) in…

A: Introduction :- Venous return is the flow of blood from the periphery back to the right atrium, and…

Q: Please discuss how digitoxin provides a positive inotropic effect and is used to treat congestive…

A: Digitoxin is  a cardiac glycoside that is used in the treatment of heart failure. Glycoside are…

Q: Briefly describe the significance of the balance between coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. Why…

A: The fibrinolytic system consists of plasminogen and proenzyme which can be activated to active…

Q: Explain two reasons why the heart is referred to as a double pump.

A: The circulatory system consists of the heart, the blood vessels and the blood. The heart is the…

Q: Explain the HMP shunt pathway and its significance

A: The HMP pathway is a metabolic pathway same as glycolysis. It is used for the generation of 5 carbon…

Q: What is the role played by nitric oxide in preventing atherosclerosis? Describe all tissue and…

A: Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular condition of hardening and narrowing of arteries which can put…

Q: Myogenic behavior of arterioles:

A: Arterial constriction in response to intravascular pressure is a common myogenic activity found in…

Q: What is creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and v d suggestive of a myocardial infarction?

A: vii) The creatine phosphokinase blood test is used to test different kinds of CPK levels within the…

Q: PSVT is a regular supraventric ular tachycardia. What are the standard upper and lower limits on the…

A: Ventricular tachycardia always occur when there is an underlying cardiac condition.

Q: Discuss the role that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its family of receptors play in…

A: The formation of blood vessels from the existing blood vessels is known as angiogenesis.…

Q: In the initial stages of ventricular fibrillation (during which the heart produces no functional…

A: The heart is the pumping organ that is responsible for circulating the blood to different parts of…

Q: What mechanisms would be responsible for shortening of the ST segment TP interval T wave TP interval…

A: Introduction :- Electro-cardiogram (ECG) is a medical test that measures the electrical activity of…

Q: Discuss the mechanism underlying AP generation by cardiac autorhythmic cells

A: Simply put, a cardiac arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rate and/or rhythm that is not biologically…

Q: Explain why part of the myocardium is nonfunctionalfollowing myocardial infarction.

A: The heart supplies blood to different parts of the body. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the…

Q: are at or near equilibrium in the erythrocyte (one reaction)

A: The end product of glycolysis is the conversion of glucose into pyruvate. It is the 10 step process…

Q: What are the differences between an EHR and an EMR?

A: EMR- An electronic medical record (EMR) is a digital version of a patient's chart maintained by a…

Q: Streptokinase is asubstance used in thetreatment of acute myocardialinfarction. How does…

A: Myocardial infarction: It is also known as heart attacks. It is a medical emergency. When blood…

Q: difference

A: The Electrophysiology studies called as EPS were usually performed to diagnose the arrhythmia and…

Q: Mention four advantages and two limitations of capillary electrophoresis over HPLC.

A: Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) is a widely used separation technique in biochemistry. Here a very…

Q: Present the comparison of cardio selective and non-selective beta-blockers most commonly used for…

A: Beta-blockers are a class of drugs that blocks the activation of beta-adrenergic receptors. They are…

Q: Explain the design, function and disadvantag xygenators used in the cardiopulmonary bypass.

A: The heart refers to the circulatory organ that delivers oxygen and other nutrients to the body…

Q: Patient with cardiopulmonary insufficiency receives 72 hours of daily management of veno-venous…

A: CPT codes are the numerical codes used primarily to identify medical services and procedures…

Q: Name three mechanisms that can increase cardiacoutput.

A: The amount of blood that the heart pumps, each minute is defined by the term known as cardiac…

Q: Describe the erythrocyte maturation sequence

A: As an erythrocyte matures in the red bone marrow, it extrudes its nucleus and most of its other…

Q: Explain the design, function and disadvantage of the three types of oxygenators used in the…

A: Oxygenator: The oxygenator is a medical device, designed to transfer oxygen to infused blood and…

Q: Explain the cardiac conduction cycle as shown on an EKG

A: The electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart. The…

Q: Give two reasons why the Purkinje fibres are faintly stained compared with ordinary cardiomyocytes

A: Purkinje fibres are excitable cells or fibres present in the inner ventricle wall of heart. They are…

Q: Atrial fibrillation can be caused by wandering re-entrant circuits.  What does this mean?

A: Introduction Any valve in the heart can be damaged or diseased, resulting in valvular heart disease.…

Q: function and disadvantage of the three types of oxygenators

A: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a kind of extracorporeal circulation and its function is circulatory…

Q: dye along a linear portion of the vessel. a. Discuss how blood flow velocity can be measured using…

A: Blood flow rate and velocity are crucial factors in the analysis of vascular systems as well as in…

Q: Discuss the characteristics of the Wenckebach phenomenon seen on ECG?

A: Second-degree AV (atrioventricular) block is also known as the Wenckebach phenomenon. It is a…

Q: A patient has a systolic blood pressure of 114 mm Hg, a diastolic reading of 64 mm Hg, and a cardiac…

A: R = △P ÷ Q  (or) Total Peripheral Resistance = Changing pressure divided by cardiac output. TPR =…

Q: Explain the design, function and disadvantage of the three types of oxygenators used in the…

A: The heart refers to the circulatory organ that delivers oxygen and other nutrients to the body…

Q: Diagrammatically explain the phenomenon of counter current multiplication.

A: The process of harnessing energy to create an osmotic gradient that allows you to reabsorb tubular…

Q: What is the logic of the transfusion compatibility in the ABO blood group system?

A: Introduction In this question we will discuss about the logic of the transfusion compatibility in…

Q: List the ECG characteristics of first-degree AV block in lead?

A: First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block is a condition of abnormally slow conduction through the AV…

Q: 49 A 62-year-old man with unstable angina pectoris undergoes coronary catheterization followed by…

A: By which the coronary artery branch gives off the posterior descending artery and supplies the…

Q: how the two types of pumps used in the cardiopulmonary bypass work

A: Cardiopulmonary bypass contains two main elements such as the pump and the oxygenator that eliminate…

Q: Why do endurance athletics use erythropoietin?

A: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a peptide hormone that regulates erythropoiesis. It is produced when the…

Q: Explain the mechanism of erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A: When an inflammatory process is present, the high proportion of fibrinogen in the blood causes red…

Q: chronic-stable angina begins taking metoprolol

A: Beta-blockers (beta-adrenergic blocking agents) inhibit the discharge of the stress hormones…

Immune Disorders

The collaboration between the cells and proteins that work together as a defense system against infection comprises the immune system.Each of them performs a variety of tasks to recognize and/or react against a foreign body.