For the isothermal expansion of a gas into a vacuum, ∆E = 0, q = 0, and w = 0. What is the “driving force” for the expansion of the gas: enthalpy or entropy

Q: Explain how the internal energy and entropy of a system composed of two levels vary with…

A: SOLUTION: Step 1: Consider a two-state system in which the lower state is assigned an energy equal…

Q: The entropy change ΔS for a phase transition equals ΔH/T, where ΔH is the enthalpy change. Why is it…

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Q: 1. In which of the following cases do you observe a spontaneous process? А. AS = 10 J/K, AS =-10 J/K…

A: We are authorised to solve only one question at a time. Since you have not mentioned, we are solving…

Q: 8) For which of the following will the entropy of the system increase? A) reaction of magnesium with…

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Q: 6. Enthalpy provides a quantitative measure of how much energy is spread out when something happens.…

A: Enthalpy is a state function which measures quantitatively the energy transferred after the reaction…

Q: For the isothermal expansion of a gas into a vacuum,ΔE = 0, q = 0, and w = 0. (a) Is this a…

A: (a) The spontaneous process is the process which starts on its own or initiate without any external…

Q: Given: C2H2(g) ⇌ 2C(graphite) + H2(g) ΔG° = -209 kJ A sample of gaseous C2H2 (acetylene, or ethyne)…

A: Relative to graphite and hydrogen, acetylene(C2H2) is unstable. Its decomposition to form these…

Q: What is the entropy change when 307 J of energy is reversibly transferred to a sample of water at…

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Q: two moles of an ideal gas X and two moles of an ideal gas Y, initially at the same temperature and…

A: As, ideal gas mixing at constant temperature and constant pressure has increased entropy, obtained…

Q: For a reaction that is exothermic and non–spontaneous at 25 oC, which quantity must be positive? A.…

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Q: Explain how the entropy of a system is related to the number ofpossible microstates?

A: To find: The relation between the entropy and number of possible microstates

Q: What is the significance of entropy being a state function?

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Q: What is the entropy when a system goes from 4 microstates to 5 microstates?

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Q: What is the significance of the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for a reaction?

A: In thermodynamics free energy or Gibbs free energy is the energy that is used to express the total…

Q: maximum amount of work

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Q: 1A. The following 3 parts pertain to the entropy change for a sample of neon gas initially at 250 K…

A: 1B.Steps required to calculate the Entropy change: 1. First we have to put the entropy change…

Q: Which of the following thermodynamic functions can be measured absolutely? A. Internal Energy B.…

A: Given : We have to tell which of the following can be measured absolutely.

Q: What is the chemical significance of a negative enthalpy change and a negative entropy change?

A: Enthalpy change is nothing but the amount of heat evolved or absorbed during a chemical reaction at…

Q: Recall that for a monoatomic ideal gas, CV = (3/2)R. If an equal number of moles of any three ideal…

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Q: Which one of the following choices shows the gaseous molecules ranked from lowest (on the left) to…

A: Given options:  1. Ar, Kr, He, Ne  2. Kr, Ar, Ne, He  3. He, Ne, Ar, Kr  4. He, Ne, Kr, Ar

Q: When 10 J of energy is transferred reversibly and isothermally. Calculate the change in entropy at…

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Q: What is the entropy (S) of a system with 6.4 x 1020 microstates?

A: The relation between entropy and number of microstates is given by Boltzmann's equation - S = KB ln…

Q: What is the entropy change of a gas in J/K (to 2 decimal points) when one mole of a perfect gas…

A: Given that -  Number of moles of gas = 1  Initial volume of gas = 0.36 m3  Final volume of gas =…

Q: What is the entropy when a system goes from 4 microstates to 5 microstates? 3.08 x 10-24 O -3.08 x…

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Q: Combustion of glucose (C H,0) is the main source of energy for animal cells: CH1206(s) + 60,(g) 6…

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Q: Using standard enthalpies of formation and standard molar entropies, determine the normal boiling…

A: The equation for the vaporization of water – CH3OH l ↔CH3OH g At equillibrium, ∆G∘ =0∆G∘ =∆H∘ -T∆S∘…

Q: Calculate the molar heat capacity (Cpm ) of Magnesium chloride if the change in entropy is 0.264 J/K…

A: Assuming that the molar heat capacity (Cpm ) of  Magnesium chloride is constant over temperature…

Q: Half a mole of an ideal gas expands isothermally and reversibly at 273.15 K from a volume of 22 L to…

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Q: 1. The heat capacity at 1 atm. pressure of solid magnesium in the temperature range from 0 °C to 560…

A: The unit of temperature is not mentioned therefore i am using kelvin. Data given: T2 =800K, T1…

Q: 3. The maximum quantity of energy available for useful work in a system undergoing change is: A)…

A: The maximum amount of useful work is the work that has been done including expenditure of energy.

Q: The amount of energy available in a reaction to do work is known as: a. Entropy b. Enthalpy c.…

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Q: If one mole of an ideal gas (Cp,m = 5R/2) is expanded isothermally at 300 K until it's volume…

A: We have to calculate the change in entropy of the gas .

Q: 2.1. For the isothermal expansion of a gas into a vacuum, (a) Is this a spontaneous process? (b)…

A: a. During this constant temperature or isothermal, expansion into a vacuum, the gas does no work (w…

Q: What is the significance of the change in Gibbs free energy (∆G)for a reaction?

A: The significance of the change in Gibbs free energy (∆G)for a reaction: (i) If ∆G for a reaction…

Q: calculate the differnce between the molar enthalpy and internal energy changes in the synthesis of…

A: ∆H = ∆E + ∆nRT Where ; ∆H = Molar enthalpy Change ∆E = internal energy Change  ∆ n =Number of…

Q: When nitroglycerin explodes, the chemical reaction that occurs can be assumed to be C3HsN3O9(1) →…

A: The reaction for the explosion of nitroglycerin is given below : C3H5N3O9(l)  →  3CO2(g)  +  32N2(g)…

Q: Half a mole of an ideal gas expands isothermally and reversibly at 273.15 K from a volume of 22 L to…

A: Given: Moles of gas,n = 0.5 mol Gas constant, R = 8.314 J / K mol   Final Volume, V2 = 10 L Initial…

Q: Explain why changes in both enthalpy and entropy determine the spontaneity of a process.

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Q: How do enthalpy and entropy relate to each other? If enthalpy is negative, does that mean that…

A: To measure spontaneity, both the terms, enthalpy and entropy, cannot be used individually that is…

Q: 4) Consider the isothermal expansion of a 1.00 mol sample of ideal gas at 37 from the initial…

A: Dear student ,   since you have posted multiple parts questions we are allowed to solve only first…

Q: For a constant-pressure process, what is the difference between the internal energy (delta U) and…

A: At a constant pressure, the change in enthalpy is equal to the sum of internal energy and the…

Q: Calculate the entropy change of the surroundings in J K-1.

A: The entropy change of the surrounding is needed to be calculated.

Q: Combustion of glucose (CH,1206) is the main source of energy for animal cells: CH1206(s) + 602(8) →…

A: Combustion of glucoseC6H12O6s + 6O2g →           6CO2g + 6H2Ol∆Grxn = -2872 kJGibbs energy for the…

Q: Estimate the change in the entropy of the universe due to heat escaping from your home on a cold…

A: Entropy is a measure of randomness. The change in entropy of the universe will be given by adding…

Q: Recall that for a monoatornic ideal gas, CV = (3/2) *R . If an equal number of moles of any three…

A: For monoatomic ideal gas  CV = (3/2)R  Change in entropy is given as follows  ∆S = -R [n1lnx1 +…

Q: 1) When 120 mg of naphthalene, C1oHae), was burned in a bomb calorimeter the temperature rose by…

A: Standard heat of combustion of Naphthalene = - 5156.1 kJ/mol Standard heat of combustion of Phenol =…