Give an explanation for these results based on what you know about the anatomical structure of E. coli and the mechanisms through which all three of these antibiotics work. Antibiotic Gram (+) and/or Gram (-) Zone of Inhibition Present (Y/N)? Effective Against E. coli (Y/N)? Penicillin Gram (+) No No Ampicillin Gram (-) Yes Yes Tetracycline Gram (+) and Gram (-) Yes Yes
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Give an explanation for these results based on what you know about the anatomical structure of E. coli and the mechanisms through which all three of these antibiotics work.
Antibiotic |
Gram (+) and/or Gram (-) |
Zone of Inhibition Present (Y/N)? |
Effective Against E. coli (Y/N)? |
Penicillin |
Gram (+) |
No |
No |
Ampicillin |
Gram (-) |
Yes |
Yes |
Tetracycline |
Gram (+) and Gram (-) |
Yes |
Yes |
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- Results from a Kirby Bauer antibiotic assay on a Gram-negative bacterial culture are described as follows: A) the bacterium is resistant to penicillin, an antibiotic that targets synthesis of the peptidoglycan cell wall and B) the bacterium is resistant to tetracycline, an antibiotic that targets the small subunit of the ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis. Which of the results represents intrinsic resistant and which represents acquired resistants?What is the relationship between the zone of inhibition and antibiotic concentration and what is the most effective antibiotic based on this table?If a bacterial species is not susceptible to an antibacterial drug at the concentration present in a particular disk, does that necessarily mean the species is completely resistant to the drug? Explain your answer. What is the mode of action of bacitracin? How does this influence the types of bacteria it can be used against effectively? What is the mode of action of tetracycline? How does this influence the types of bacteria it can be used against effectively? Describe how populations of bacteria can evolve resistance to antibiotics. In your description, use the terms/phrases: mutation, resistant, sensitive, individuals, populations, natural selection, horizontal gene transfer.
- Bacterial species that are harmful, as well as others that are beneficial, are found living in the human body. To slow the rate of developing antibiotic resistance in bacteria, physicians are being encouraged to use "narrow-spectrum" antibiotics- those that target only a few bacterial types. How can the information learned by antibiotic sensitivity testing be used by physicians who must choose antibiotics that inhibit the growth of bacteria causing disease but that do not interfere with beneficial bacteria?We have discussed several bacterial structures that make good targets for antibiotics. Describe the function of two of these bacterial structures and how an antibiotic would be effective against each of them.?In the Avery, McLeod, McCarty Experiment where supernatant from heat killed, virulent S Strain pneumonia solutions were added to non-virulent R Strain pneumonia cell cultures and allowed to grow in liquid media (i.e., broth). In tubes where Protease was added to the supernatant prior to cell culture, what was the observed effect when plating and growing the S. pneumonia cells to solid media?
- On the four compounds testes for antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion assay, a. Which compound exhibit antibacterial activity? b. Which of the compounds axhibit bacteriostatic effect ____ and ____.The following results were obtained from a disk diffusion test for a strain of Escherichia coli. Chemotherapeutic Zone of inhibition (mm) A 7 B 10 C 18 D 3 Which drug above (A, B, C, or D) is most effective against this E. coli strain? ***Which drug above (A, B, C, or D) is most effective against Staphylococcus aureus? Explain your answer.You perform a Kirby-Bauer assay with two antibiotics. Antibiotic X has a zone of inhibition of 9 mm. Antibiotic Y has a zone of inhibition of 11 mm. Which antibiotic is better at killing this particular microorganism? Group of answer choices 1Antibiotic Y 2Antibiotic X and Y, which have identical antimicrobial activities 3Antibiotic X4 4It is impossible to tell from the information given
- Spectrum of activity describes how many species of microbes a drug works against. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are effective against many different groups of bacteria, while narrow-spectrum antibiotics work well against a particular group or species, but have little effect on the rest. Based on our class results, which of the following are narrow-spectrum? Group of answer choices Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid Ampicillin Kanamycin Ciprofloxacin Vancomycin Bacitracin Trimethoprim/SulfamethoxazoleYou decide to use a plaque assay with a human lung epithelial cell line to compare the effectiveness of the drug. The results of the plaque assay for one strain of influenza are shown below. Based on these results, what can you conclude about the relative effectiveness of WJ379 at 1 mM compared to oseltamivir at 1 mM? Briefly explain your rationale.What properties in microorganisms were researchers at SINTEF and NTNU looking for? What made them select Micrococcus luteus as a candidate organism? Describe the steps involved in genetic engineering, prior to commercial production of the potential `UVAblue’ sunscreen. What damage do long wave UV radiations induce in human cells?