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- H1N1 and H5N2 can undergo an antigenic shift. The H and N genes are independent gene segments. What variants of influenza could you get?
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- Compare and contrast antigenic variation and phase variation.What class of antibodies is normally found in the mucosa of the respiratory tract? a. IG-A b. IG-D c. IG-M d. IG-GExplain why a different influenza vaccine is necessary every year. How is this different from the development of pandemic versions? Please include in your answer the terms antigenic shift and antigenic drift.
- Anti-U antibodies can be produced by which of the following genotypes? Please select the single best answer M-N- S+s+ S+s- S-s-Why does an inactivated vaccine induce only a humoral response, whereas an attenuated vaccine induces both humoral and cell-mediated responses?When there is no antigenic variation . Why do we remain immune for life?
- How would a baby benefit from a nursing mother receiving a vaccine? Make sure you include at least two mechanisms of immunity.Even though the oral polio vaccine is not used in the developed world, it is still widely used in the developing world, in part because it confers what might be called “accidental” herd immunity. Can you speculate on what this is?What is the advantage (in terms of having an effective immune system) of having gene segments that need to be recombined, instead of pre-formed genes for the Heavy and Light chains of immunoglobulins, and the α and β chains of the TCR? What is the cost of having such a system? Please answer asap and type your answer and do not copy from anywhere please
- Why are only very small amounts of antigen injected?In influenza virus, what is antigenic shift and how does it occur?Herd immunity means that the entire population (not just those who are vaccinated) are protected from a disease. What is one way that herd immunity protects an unvaccinated person (such as an infant who is too young to be vaccinated or a person who is immunocompromised)?